Nitrogen and hydrogen gas are used to make ammonia in the Haber process. The nitrogen and hydrogen are purified before reacting with each other.
A) ammonia
B) 2NH3
The haber process:
A) 3:1
B) iron catalyst
C) recycled
D) condenser
What are the industrial conditions for the Haber process?
Temperature at 450; pressure at 200 atmospheres; iron catalyst
The forward reaction is exothermic, meaning increasing the temperature will move the equilibrium the wrong way. The yield of ammonia will be greater at lower temperatures.
Lower temperatures mean lower rate of reaction, but it's increased anyway. The 450 temperature is a compromise between maximum yield and speed of reaction.
Higher pressures favour the forward reaction, moving equilibrium towards ammonia, increasing the yield of ammonia. The pressure is set at 200 to give best percentage yield, without making the plant too expensive.
The iron catalyst makes the reaction go faster, so it reaches equilibrium faster. Without the catalyst the temperature would have to be raised even further to get a quick enough reaction, reducing percentage yield and leading to higher costs.
Elements needed for growth:
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium
What are NPK fertilisers?
Formulations containing salts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the right percentages of elements.
Nitrogen compounds in fertilisers:
A) ammonium nitrate
Reacting phosphorus rock:
with nitric acid makes phosphoricacid and calciumnitrate
with sulphuric acid makes calciumsulfate and calciumphosphate
