G10 Q3 Research

• Central Tendency is the most effective way of describing a group of measurement or scores
• Mean, Median, Mode are measures of central tendency.
• Mean is the center of gravity; sum of all values divided by the no. of values
• Use mean when it is distributed symmetrically around central point, greatest stability, and if there is a need to compute for other parameter/statistic
• mean in excel - =AVERAGE(values)
• median in excel - =MEDIAN(values)
• Mean is affected by very high or very low scores
• Median is the measure of central tendency and concerned only with the midpoint
• The median divides the distributions of scores into two equal parts
• Mode is the single measure which occurs most frequently
• A quick and approximate measure of central tendency when it is the most typical value
• Population is any specific collection of objects of interest
• Sample is any subset or subcollection of the population
• Measurement attributes to the computed population or sample
• Counting and Measuring are two types of measurement
• Parameter are the number that summarizes some aspect of population as a whole
• Parameter - population
• Statistic - sample
• Statistics, branch of mathematics that deals with collection, org, analysis and interpretation of numerical data
• Inferential statistics - used to make conclusions about populations based on samples
• Descriptive statistics - used to describe characteristics of data
• Types of Statistics are descriptive, inferential and correlational
• Correlational is used to study the reliability and validity
• Discrete - can be done by counting
• Continuous - gathered by measuring
• 2 human sources of error are human error & instrument error
• Human error is the one who is making the measurements and the one who is taking the measurements.
• Instrument error is the accuracy of the instrument used; should be valid & reliable
• Significant figures are numbers that are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy
• 4250 - 3

  2080 - 3

  30,050. - 5

  0.00703 - 3

  5030.0 - 5

  750,065,080 - 9

  370. - 3

  10.0 - 3

  701.001 - 6

  37,000 - 2
• Degree of Error is 5%
• Importance of statistics for sci works, entertainment, school, business, politics, and sports
• Mean (parameter) μ , (statistic) x̄
• Variability determines how well you can generalize results and how far points lie
• Low v. - idea, better info & population

  High v. - values are less consistent & harder to predict
• Standard Deviation is the ave. amount of variability in data set
• Range is the spread of data from the lowest to highest value
• in range, we subtract lowest value from the highest v.
• Outliers are extreme values that have a big impact on statistical analyse
• variance is the average of squared deviation from mean