GroupDyL1

• Groups are two or more individuals connected by social relationships
• Membership in a group refers to being part of a social group
• Networks are sets of interconnected individuals or groups
• Social identity refers to qualities held in common by people who recognize they are part of the same group
• Group: A collection of individuals who have relations to one another
• Membership: The state of being a part of, or included within, a social group
• Network A set of interconnected individuals or groups
• Social Identity Those qualities that are held in common by two or more people who recognize that they are members of the same group or social category
• Dyads – Two members
• Triads – Three members
• Mobs, Crowds, Congregation – very large collection of people
• Unique qualities of larger groups: • Members are rarely connected directly to all other members • Subgroups are likely to form • One or more leaders may be needed to organize and guide the group
• Members of any group are interconnected • Connections or ties • Ties = n (n-1)/2
• Group members share a common identity with one another
• They know who is in their group, who is not, and what qualities are typical of insiders and outsiders. This perception of themselves as members of the same group—this social identity—creates a sense of we and us, as well as a sense of they
• Interaction – what people in a group do
• Relationship interaction Actions performed that influence the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both positive actions (social support, consideration) and negative actions (criticism, conflict).
• Task interaction Actions performed that pertain to the group’s projects, tasks, and goals.
• Goals – reason
• McGrath’s circumplex model of group tasks • generating ideas or plans • choosing a solution • negotiating a solution to a conflict • executing (performing) a task
• Interdependence The state of being dependent to some degree on other people, as when one’s outcomes, actions, thoughts, feelings, and experiences are determined in whole or in part by others
• Group Structure The underlying pattern of roles, norms, and relations among members that organizes groups.
• Role A coherent set of behaviors expected of people who occupy specific positions within a group.
• Norm A consensual and often implicit standard that describes what behaviors should and should not be performed in a given context
• Group cohesion The strength of the bonds linking individuals to and in the group
• Entitativity is the extent to which individuals perceive how unified the group appears to be; the perceived unity rather than the group’s actual unity. Influenced by the below: • Common fate • Similarity • Proximity
• Interaction

  Groups create, organize, and sustain relationship and task interactions among members
• Goals: Groups have instrumental purposes, for they facilitate the achievement of aims or outcomes sought by the members
• Interdependence Group members depend on one another, in that each member influences and is influenced by each other member
• Structure: Groups are organized, with each individual connected to others in a pattern of relationships, roles, and norms
• Unity: Groups are cohesive social arrangements of individuals that perceivers, in some cases, consider to be unified wholes
• Primary Groups – A small, long-term group, such as families and friendship cliques, characterized by faceto-face interaction, solidarity, and high levels of member-togroup interdependence and identification
• Social Groups – A relatively small number of individuals who interact with one another over an extended period of time, such as work groups, clubs, and congregations
• Collectives – are relatively large aggregations or group of individuals who display similarities in actions and outlook • queue in the bank
• Category – An aggregation of people or things that share some common attribute or are related in some way (Visayans, Kapangpangan, Tagalog)
• Group Dynamics - the actions, processes, and changes that occur within and between groups; the scientific study of those processes
• Collective conscious Groups and Group processes are real
• Groups are influential - Triplett and Milgram’s research
• Groups are living systems - Tuckman’s theory of group developmen
• Understanding groups is the key to solving a variety of practical problems.