Infertility

• Inability to produce children?

  Infertility
• Union of sperm and ovum under laboratory conditions?

  In Vitro Fertilization
• Testicular inflamation and scarring due to mumps virus

  Mumps Orchitis
• No Previous conception

  Primary Infertile
• number of sperm in a single

  ejaculation or in a milliliter of semen

  Sperm count
• movement of sperm

  Sperm motility
• Production of sperm cells?

  
  

  Spermatogenesis
• inability to conceive because

  of a known condition such as

  absence of uterus?

  Sterility
• lessened ability to

  conceive

  Subfertility
• Varicosity of the spermatic

  vein

  Varicocele
• The ability of a man to

  impregnate a woman

  or of a woman to

  conceive and give birth

  to a live infant

  Fertility
• Also known as subfertility

  Infertility
• Couple have the potential to

  conceive but they are just

  less able to do this without

  additional help

  Infertility
• Lack of ability to reproduce

  Infertility
• • there have been no previous conceptions
  • never been pregnant/never impregnated

  Primary Infertility
• there has been previous viable pregnancy

  but the couple is unable to conceive at

  present.

  Secondary Infertility
• Inability to conceive becaus of a known condition, such as the absence of a uterus.

  Sterility
• Lessened ability to conceive

  Subfertility
• What are Male Infertility Factors

  • Disturbance in spermatogenesis
  • Obstruction in the seminiferous tubules, ducts, or vessels preventing movement of spermatozoa
  • Qualitative and quantitative changes in the seminal fluid preventing sperm motibilty
  • Autoimmunity immobilizing sperm
  • Problems in ejaculation or deposition preventing spermatozoa from being place close enough to the woman's cervix to allow penetration and fertilization
• the number

  of sperm in a single

  ejaculation or milliliter of

  semen.

  Sperm Count
• The minimum sperm count

  considered normal

  33-46

  million per milliliter of

  seminal fluid or 50 million

  per ejaculation
• may lead

  to lowered sperm

  production if surgical

  intervention is not

  performed until after

  puberty or if the

  spermatic cord became

  twisted after the surgical

  repair

  Cryptorchidism
• increases

  the temperature within

  the testes, so

  spermatogenesis can

  be slowed or disrupted

  Varicocele
• (testicular

  inflammation and

  scarring) and epididymitis

  may impair transport

  Mumps Orchitis
• gonorrhea or ascending

  urethral infection may

  result in adhesions and

  occlusions; congenital

  stricture of a spermatic

  duct is sometimes seen

  Tubal infection
• Urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penis

  Hypospadia
• Urethral opening on the dorsal surface

  Epispadia
• • pressure from this on the vas deferens may interfere with sperm transport.
  • Infection of the prostate or infection of seminal vesicles can change the composition of seminal fluid

  Hypertrophy of the prostate

  gland
• impotence or

  inability to achieve an erection

  Erectile dysfunction
• Management of Erectile Dysfunction?

  psychological or sexual

  counseling
• Medication for Erectile Dysfunction

  Sildenafil (Viagra)
• the man has never been able to

  achieve erection and ejaculation.

  Primary Erectile dysfunction
• the man has been able to achieve

  ejaculation in the past.

  Secondary Erectile dysfunction
• failure of ejaculation is caused by a deep

  seated psychological issue.

  Psychogenic infertility
• • Faulty or inadequate production of ova
  • Most common cause of infertility in women
  • May occur form genetic abnormality such as Turner’s Syndrome (hypogonadism) – there is no ovaries to produce ova.

  Anovulation
• Treatment for Anovulation 


  Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) or Ietrozole (Parlodel)-stimulate ovulation
• Occurs because of scarring in the fallopian tubes. Usually occurs from chronic salphingitis(PID)

  Tubal Transport Problem
• • infection of the pelvic organs; (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting structures)
  • Chlamydia and Gonorrhea are the most frequent offender. Escherichia Coli and Streptococcus are being recognized as possible cause.

  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Women with IUD known to have a higher incidence of PID ◦ Advised to limit sexual partners to avoid STD’s

  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• rare cause of infertility if they block the entrance of the fallopian tubes into the uterus or limit the space available for effective implantation.

  Fibromas