natural hazards / earthquakes

• Hurricanes/typhoons/cyclones are tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rainfall.
• • natural hazard; extreme natural event that pose a threat to human life and property
• • epicentre; area with greatest shock/quaking
• • people with low incomes live in the lowest lying areas making them more vulnerable to flooding
  • impacts of natural hazards; higher tax base, poor response not enough investment to rebuild infrastructure
• effects of how vulnerable people are in place:

  • wealth, education, advanced technology reduce vulnerability
• how to mitigate natural disasters;

  • early warning systems,
  • evacuation plans,
  • emergency supplies,
  • emergency services
• causes and affects of EARTHQUAKES

  • focus is where earthquake starts
  • epicentre is right above focus which is more stronger quakes
  • primary impacts: collapsed buildings, road destruction, pipes broken
  • secondary impacts: landslides, shortage of food and water (which can lead to infections/diseases), destroyed businesses
• how to reduce impacts of earthquakes;

  • Aid; LICs can receive aid form other countries (expensive)
  • Buildings can be built to withstand earthquake shocks (leads to less primary impacts)
  • emergency planning (survival kits)
• Why do people still live in hazardous areas?

  • cheap land
  • close attachment
  • beauty of nature
  • job opportunities
  • geothermal energy (stable renewable source of energy)
  • economic benefits
• More heavily applied impacts on LICs due to;

  • poor housing quality
  • not enough funds to plan
  • weak infrastructure
  • slower responses
  • non-advanced technology
  • lack of healthcare
• Plate boundaries:

  destructive margin - when oceanic crust subjects under continental plate (more dense) pressure increases and can cause earthquake; heat with friction can cause magma to rise

  collision margins - 2 continental crust push together to form mountains (cannot sink)

  constructive margins - plates move apart; when gap open, lava escapes and forms new oceanic crust.

  conservative margines - plates slide past each other, pressure builds up and when released severe earthquake occurs

  A)

  
• How do earthquakes form? (4m)

  - earthquakes are violent quaking on the earths crust

  • they can be caused by tectonic plates
  • Due to the stress on the edge of a divergent or convergent plate boundary, it overcomes the friction
  • this stress releases energy and causes tremors and shocks
  • (measured by seismographs)