soft engineering

• beach nourishment

  replacement of sand/pebbles on eroding beaches
• dune regeneration

  sand dunes and cliffs are natural sea defenses, dissipate wave energy
• managed retreat/coastal realignment

  sea is allowed to reclaim the land once covered by sea, pressure of flood is reduced as it creates salt marshes
• integrated coastal zone management

  complete sections of coasts are now being managed as a whole aim to protect the coastal environment
• shoreline management plans

  hold the line - maintaining the current position of the coastline