3.3 specialisation and organisation of animal cells

• Animal cells have sponges
• in sponges, there are 2 layers
• mesoglea (gel) separates these 2 layers
• there are also surface cells, a mobile amoeboid and popocytes.
• tissues are forked by groups of a similar type that are coordinated to perform a function
• jelyfish have 4 layers
• Epithelial: which forms the ectoderm that lines the outside of the body
• gastrodermal: another epithelial layer that lines the inner cavity of the body.
• nervous tissue: in the form or nerve cells in the outer ectoderm that can respond to motor
• muscle tissue : rhythmical opens and closes jelly fish bodies
• mammalian tissues have tissues such as

  epithelial:sheets of tissues that cover internally or externally.

  muscle: enables movement

  connective: provides structural support

  nervous tissues: made up of different neuron.
• digestive

  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • duodenum
  • liver
  • intestines

  breaks down food to small products for absorption
• circulatory

  • heart
  • arteries
  • veins
  • capillaries
  • blood

  transports nutrients and wastes to cells
• endocrine

  • hypothalamus
  • glands

  secretion of hormones that regulate cells and organs
• respiratory

  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • lungs

  input of oxygen to body and removes co2
• uninary

  • Kidney
  • uterus
  • bladder
  • penis

  removal and nitrogenous wastes
• nervous

  • Brain
  • spinal cords
  • sensory organs

  input of information from sense and coordination of activity
• muscle- skeletal

  • muscles
  • bones
  • ligaments and tendons

  supports body and enables movement
• reproductive

  • ovaries
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • penis

  production of gametes, fertilisation and gestation
• immune

  • bone marrow
  • spleen
  • thymes

  protection against pathogens
• integumentary

  • skin
  • nails

  protection and temperature regulation