Protein synthesis

• What is transcription in protein synthesis? In protein synthesis, transcription is taking a single gene and copying it into a structure called mRNA
• What is the process of translation in protein synthesis?

  In protein synthesis, translation is the process of taking mRNA and using it to produce a protein
• What is the process of protein synthesis?

  RNA polymerase unzips DNA

  A template is taken from the DNA and leaves the nucleus as mRNA (messenger RNA)

  The template is used to guide protein synthesis on ribosomes located within the cytoplasm

  specific amino acids are delivered by carrier molecules (tRNA) to the protein chain, where they are added in the order shown in the template.

  once complete, the long protein chain folds up, giving It a unique structure
• What possible errors can happen during protein synthesis?

  when a template is made from DNA, sometimes the wrong sequence of bases is coded

  DNA sometimes contains mutations which change the amino acid sequence

  Once the polypeptide chain is made, sometimes proteins fold incorrectly giving the wrong final structure
• How many type of amino acids are there?

  20