ph scale

• Acids release hydrogen (H ) ions when dissolved in water, making them more reactive than bases.
• Acidic substances have a pH less than 7, while alkaline or basic substances have a pH greater than 7.
• A solution with a pH above 8 is considered alkaline or basic.
• A solution with a pH value of 7 is considered neutral because it has an equal concentration of hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions.
• Values below 7 are acidic, whereas values above 7 are basic (alkaline).
• Acids have more H+ than OH- ions, resulting in lower pH values.
• The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline/basic.
• Bases are also known as alkalis, which can be defined as any compound that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.
• Neutral solutions are those that do not react chemically with other substances.