HEMOPOEISIS

• In the early embryo, where does hemopoiesis occur?

  yolk sac mesoderm
• in second trimester, where does it occur primarily?

  liver
• what is the major hemopoeitic organ during the third trimester?

  specific marrow of bones
• What is the maturation of Erythrocytes called?

  Erythropoiesis
• What is the maturation of Granulocytes called?

  Granulopoiesis
• What is the maturation of Monocytes called?

  Monocytopoiesis
• What is the maturation of Platelets/Thrombocytes called?

  Thrombocytopoieses
• What can be used to isolate Hemopoietic stem cells?

  Fluorescence-labeled antibodies
• What kind of cells are stem cells?

  pluripotent cells
• where does all blood cells arise from?

  hemopoietic stem cell
• the Hemopoietic stem cell produces two major lineages of progenitor cells, what are those?

  Lymphoid

  Myeloid
• What does Myeloid cells include?

  granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes
• What are the other name for the progenitor cells for the blood cells?

  Colony-Forming Units(CFUs)
• Which one divides more rapidly? Stem cells or progenitor and precursor cells?

  progenitor and precursor cells
• What is the other name for Cytokines?

  Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF)
• This boost the production of specific blood cells when the body needs them, like during infections, chemotherapy recovery, or after bone marrow damage.

  Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF)
• What are the two type of bone marrow?

  Red bone marrow

  Yellow bone marrow
• continue

  red bone marrow whose color is produced by an abundance of blood and hemopoietic cells

  and

  yellow bone marrow which is filled with Adipocytes
• This is the supportive tissue that nourishes, protects, and regulates blood-forming cells in red bone marrow.

  Stroma
• What are the specialized fibroblastic cells in the stroma called?

  Stromal Cells
• This is the site where older, defective erythrocytes undergo phagocytosis by macrophages

  Red Bone Marrow
• This T Helper Cells Cytokine is a mitogen for activate T and B cells; promotes differentiation of NK cells,

  Boosts the number and activity of immune cells to fight infections, cancers, and other threats.

  Interleukin-2
• This T Helper Cells Cytokine is a mitogen for all granulocyte and megakaryocyte progenitor cells

  Interleukin-3
• This T Helper Cells Cytokine promotes development of Basophils and Mast cells and B-Lymphocyte activation

  Interleukin-4
• This T Helper Cells Cytokine promotes the development and activation of eosinophils

  Interleukin-5
• This Macrophage and T Helper Cells Cytokine is a regulator of activities and cytokine secretion of many leukocytes and other cells

  Interleukin-1
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for monocyte precursor cells

  Monocyte colony-stimulating factor
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for neutrophil precursor cells

  Granulocyte colony-stimulating Factor
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for all myeloid progenitor cells

  Granulocyte-Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for megakaryoblasts and their progenitor cells

  Thrombopoietin

  Location: Kidney and Liver
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for all erythroid progenitor and precursor cells, also promoting their differentiation

  Erythropoietin

  Location: Peritubular endothelial cells of the Kidney
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for all hemopoietic progenitor cells

  Stem Cell Factor

  Location: Stromal cells of bone marrow
• This Cytokine is a mitogen for many leukocytes; promotes activation of B cells and regulatory T cells

  Interleukin-6
• This Cytokine is a major mitogen for all lymphoid stem cells

  Interleukin-7
• Stromal cells of bone marrow produces these two cytokines

  Interleukin-7

  Stem Cell Factor
• What does the red bone marrow contain?

  Stroma

  Hemopoietic cords (Islands of cells)

  Sinusoidal Capillaries
• This is the growth factor produced by the cells in the kidneys, essential for erythrocyte production

  erythropoietin
• summary of erythrocyte maturation in order

  Proerythroblast

  Basophilic Erythroblast

  Polychromatophilic erythroblast

  Orthochromatophilic Erythroblast

  Nucleus Ejected

  Reticulocyte

  Erythrocyte