CRIME PATTERNS AND STATISTICS

• Demographic factors and victimisation

  Gender identity

  • Transgender individuals were more likely to have been a victim of crime (excluding fraud) 28% of trans individual had experienced crime compared with 14% of those whose gender identity is the same as the sex they were registered at birth.
• Demographic factors and victimisation

  Ethnicity

  • 13% of white individuals experienced crime (excluding fraud)
  • 15% of individual of Asian ethnic background experienced crime.
  • 20% of individuals of mixed to multiple ethnic backgrounds experienced crime. People ofthis ethnic group are the most likely to experience crime.
  • For the year ending march 2020 there were no other significant differences in the likelihood of being a victim of crime between ethnic groups.
• Demographic factors and victimisation

  AGE

  • Chance of victimisation is highest for young people (18% of 16-24 year olds) and lowest for older people (5% for 75+ year olds)
• Demographic factors and victimisation

  Sexual Orientation

  • 14% heterosexual or straight individuals experienced crime
  • 21% of gay or lesbian individuals and 21% of bisexual individuals experience crime.
• COMPARATIVE DATA FOR CSEW & POLICE RECORDED CRIME

  • Property Crime - Burglary
  • “Unauthorised entry dwelling” not necessarily forceful.
  • Police recorded: 268,595 domestic, 272,060 commercial.
  • BSC (now CSEW): 659,000 domestic.
  • Having a security system leads to the most notable fall in risk of victimisation
  • Risk increased for younger household, unemployed, high disorder area, recent arrival to area and living in a flat.
• Property Crime - Vehicle offences

  • Cars, vans, motorbike, motor-scooter, mopeds.
  • Police recorded: 494,978 offences, 339,140 theft from vehicle.
  • BSC (now CSEW): 1,229,000 offences, 850,000 theft from vehicle.
  • Risk increased for younger households, richer households, household with 3+ cars and an area with higher rated of anti-social behaviour.
• Property crime -theft from a person

  • Involves no force or threat of force
  • Police recorded: 92,271 offences BSC (now CSEW): 525,000
  • Risk increased for younger people, particularly women and students.
• CRIMINAL DAMAGE (VANDALISM)

  • Intentional and malicious damage to property.
  • Police recorded: 806,720 domestic and non domestic and 1,843 vehicle.
  • Risk increased for living in a physically deprived area, high physical disorder and living in terraced accommodation.
• VIOLENCE

  • Intentionally stabbed, punched, kicked, pushed, jostled etc (irrespective of injury).
  • Also includes robbery or theft where force or threat is used.
  • Police recorded: 401,743 Violence with injury, 482,836 no injury.
  • BSC (now CSEW): 2,087,000 violence, 1,065,000 no injury
  • Risk increased for young men (13.3%) and women (4.3%). 44% of violence against men in stranger violence, 24% against women. 30% of violence against women is domestic, 6% against men.
  • 19% of violent crime involves a weapon.
• FEAR OF CRIME

  • Originates alongside early victimisation surveys. But actual concerns over crime a long history.
  • Under New Labour fear of crime gained prominence and there were drives to reduce fear - neighbourhood policing
  • Increasing fear of crime is seen as separate from actual crime
• CRIME SPECIFIC FEAR

   Example questions from the CSEW:

   “How worried are you about being mugged or robbed?” Very worried, fairly worried, not very worried, or not at all worried? ­

  • How suggests all people experience this worry­
  • No specific timeframe 
  • ­Difficulty of summarising emotions into the response options 
  • ­Fails to distinguish specific events from generalised anxieties 
• WHO ARE THE FEARFUL IN SOCIETY?

  •  Women – irrational as lower risk than males ­Hidden victimisation? i.e there are more victims, but women do not report to CSEW ­
  • Perception of vulnerability
• WHO ARE THE FEARFUL IN SOCIETY?

  • Age – as age increases there is more worry about crime
  • But less worry about specific crime.
  • ­A general feeling or perception of worry or feeling unsafe
  • Perhaps linked to vulnerability? 
• WHO ARE THE FEARFUL IN SOCIETY?

  Victims of crime 

  • ­Not all research finds higher fear among victims ­
• WHO ARE THE FEARFUL IN SOCIETY?

  • Media – tabloid readers more fearful 
  • ­Perhaps more coverage ­
  • Readers seeking crime news?
• EXPLAINING FEAR

  • Perception of vulnerability – physical, social, situational  
  • Victimisation experience – direct or indirect 
  • Media consumption  
  • Neighbourhood context – incivilities (signs of crime), social disorganisation, and crime rates.