GE ELECT

• PUBLIC SPEAKING – Art or process of making speeches in public
• THE POWER OF PUBLIC SPEAKING:

  • Vital means civic engagement

  • A form of empowerment

  • Offers opportunity to make a difference
• SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION

  • Organizing your thoughts logically

  • Tailoring your message to your audience

  • Telling a story for a maximum impact

  • Adapting to listener feedback
• DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND CONVERSATION

  • Public speaking is more highly structured

  • Public speaking requires formal language

  • Public speaking requires different method of delivery
• STAGE FRIGHT – Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech
• ADRENALINE – A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical/mental stress
• EFFECTS OF SUDDEN ADRENALINE:

  • It makes your heart race

  • Your hand shakes

  • Your knees knock

  • Your skin perspire
• Turning nervousness from a negative force into a positive one

  ➢ Think of it as a “stage excitement” or “stage enthusiasm”

  ➢ Think of it as a normal part of giving a successful speech
• 6 WAYS TO TURN NERVOUSNESS FROM NEGATIVE INTO A POSITIVE ONE:

  • Acquire speaking experience

  • Prepare, prepare, prepare

  • Use the power of visualization

  • Know the most nervousness is not visible

  • Do not expect perfection
• CRITICAL THINKING – Ability to effectively analyze information and form a judgment.
• TIPS TO DEALING WITH NERVOUSNESS IN YOUR FIRST SPEECH:

  
• SPEECH COMMUNICATION PROCESS ELEMENTS:

  • Speaker

  • Message

  • Channel

  • Listener

  • Feedback

  • Interference (Internal, external)

  • Situation
• ETHNOCENTRISM – refers to the belief that one’s culture is superior to, or more correct or normal than, all others.
• ETHICS – Set of moral principles
• ETHICAL SPEAKING GUIDELINES:

  • Make sure your goals are ethically sound.

  • Be fully prepared for each speech.

  • Be honest in what you say.

  • Avoid name-calling and other forms.
• PLAGIARISM – The act of presenting another’s work/s or idea/s are your own.
• Plagiarism comes from the Latin word plagiarius which means kidnapper
• TYPES OF PLAGIARISM:

  • Global Plagiarism

  • Patchwork Plagiarism

  • Incremental Plagiarism (quotation/s, paraphrasing)
• ETHICAL LISTENING GUIDELINES:

  • Be courteous and attentive.

  • Avoid prejudging the speaker.

  • Maintain the Free and Open expression of ideas
• TYPES OF LISTENING:

  • Appreciate/Appreciative Listening

  • Empathic Listening

  • Comprehensive Listening

  • Critical Listening
• CAUSES OF POOR LISTENING:

  • Not concentrating

  • Listening too hard

  • Jumping to conclusion

  • Focusing on delivery and personal appearance
• HOW TO BECOME A GOOD LISTENER?

  
• 70% of the population are fear of public speaking
• Glossophobia – fear of the tongue
• PREPARE, PREPARE, PREPARE

  • Know your subject backward and forward

  • Know exactly how you’re going to present it
• POSTURE AND PHYSICALITY

  • Avoid large meals and dairy products

  • Bring and drink water if necessary

  • Stand naturally
• PANDER TO YOUR AUDIENCE

  • Don’t be extremely serious

  • Don’t read off cards

  • Throw a joke