Exam 2

• Which of these elements is present as about 50% of a bacterial cells dry weight?

  carbon
• A bacterium growing only when there is plenty of oxygen present is called a(n)

  obligate aerobe
• The compound that is an electron donor during growth is being

  oxidized
• The compound that is an electron acceptor during growth is being

  reduced
• The mitochondrion is most likely the result of endosymbiosis by a(n)

  alpha-proteobacterium
• What type of photosynthesis produces less energy?

  cyclic
• Which is more reduced, pyruvate or fructose-biphosphate?

  fructose-biphosphate
• Bacteria can be involved in the nitrogen cycle by

  oxidizing ammonium, nitrogen fixation, reducing nitrite, reducing nitrate
• Electron acceptors for anaerobic organisms are

  sulfate and nitrate
• Which bacteria forms a stalked and swarmer cell?

  caulobacter crescentus
• The process of fermentation is used

  in industrial fermentation
• The phase of bacterial growth in a batch culture where the rate of growth is the same as the rate of death is

  stationary phase
• The phase of bacterial growth in a batch culture where the rate of growth is less than the rate of death is

  death phase
• The phase of bacterial growth in a batch culture where the rate of growth is greater than the rate of death is

  log phase
• What are the two types of glycolysis pathways?

  Entner-Douoroff

  Pentose phosphate
• What is the name of the compound in the membrane that is involved in electron transport?

  cytochrome
• The microbes that have bacteriorhodopsin are

  extremophiles
• What is the name of an enzyme that is typically found in all bacteria except obligate anaerobes?

  superoxide dismutase
• "Outside of certain physical limits, microbes will not grow no matter the available nutrients" describes what law?

  Shelford's law of tolerance
• A bacterium that uses glucose as a source of electrons and sulfate as an electron acceptor would be called

  anaerobic heterotroph
• A chemostat can allow you to study

  maintenance energy
• What type of environmental stress do compatible solutes help bacteria deal with?

  osmolarity
• What eukaryotic protein is FtsZ similar to?

  tubulin
• Which quorum sensing signal cannot pass through the membrane and bind to a receptor on the surface?

  peptide pheromone
• What is the name for the gradient that is formed that is used to generate ATP?

  proton motive force
• What are the three domains of life?

  archaea, bacteria, eukarya
• If sodium is transported into the cell against its gradient by a protein containing an ATP-binding cassette this would be termed

  active uniport
• What bacterium is the agent of crown gall disease?

  agrobacterium
• What is a phenotype controlled by quorum sensing?

  horizontal gene transfer
• What protein is involved in scavenging iron from the environment?

  siderophores
• What would be the growth measurement method used if reporting CFUs?

  plate counting
• What bacterium has remarkable radiation resistance?

  deinococcus radiodurans
• What is an example of functional inclusion?

  magnetosome
• What is an example of an obligate anaerobe?

  clostridium botulinum
• What is a capnophile?

  prefers high carbon dioxide levels
• What type of infection does staphylococcus epidermidis cause in hospitalized patients?

  catheter infections
• What causes catheter infections?

  staphylococcus epidermidis
• What are two ways a microbe can fix carbon?

  autotrophically and heterotrophically
• What is the fixation of carbon dioxide?

  autotrophic
• What is the factor that prevents bacteria from growing in honey or fruit preserves despite of an abundant carbon source?

  low water activity