Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrate: any of a large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose, containing hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and used as structural materials and for energy storage within living tissues.
• Disaccharides are formed by condensation reactions between two monosaccharides.
• Monosaccharide: A simple sugar with one carbonyl carbon atom; examples include glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose, glyceraldehyde, and dihydroxyacetone.
• Sugars can be classified into three categories based on their structure: aldoses, ketoses, and amino sugars.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Functions of carbohydrates: Source of energy for cells, structural components of cells, and building blocks of many molecules
• Classification of carbohydrates: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides,
• Superimposable and nonimposable
• Stereoisomers is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms, but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
• Constitutional isomers are isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae