PEE Chapter 1 (Lesson 1)

• Ecology is the science that focuses on how organisms interact with one another and with the non-living environment of matter and energy
• Ecologists study interactions within and among five levels: organisms, population, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere
• Examples of Biotic factors such as plants, bacteria, humans, fungi, archaea, protists, and animals
• Smallest unit of a chemical element that exhibit its chemical properties.

  Atom
• Chemical combination of two or more atoms.

  Molecule
• an individual living being

  Organism
• A group of individual of the same species living in a particular place.


  Population
• Population are different species living in a particular place and potentially interacting with each other.


  Community
• A community of a different interacting with one another and with their non-living environment or matter and energy.


  Ecosystem
• Parts of the earth’s air, water, and soil when life is found.


  Biosphere
• Living organisms that shape its environment

  Biotic Factors
• These non-living components of the ecosystem 


  Abiotic Factors
• Example of Abiotic Factors


  Wind, Water, Sunlight, Atmosphere, Soil, Temperature
• Is a thin spherical envelope of gases surrounding the earths surface.


  Atmosphere
• What are the 5 Layers of Atmosphere?


  Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
• (Location of ozone layer) extends from the top of troposphere to about 50km (31miles) above the cloud.


  Stratosphere
• Lowest layer of earths atmosphere.


  Troposphere
• Highest layer of the atmosphere in which the gases are all mixed up rather than being layered by their mass


  Mesosphere
• 22 miles (35 kilometers) thick


  Mesosphere
• 75-80% of the atmosphere. 


  Troposphere
• “Meso“ means


  middle
• “ thermo” means


  Heat
• Home to the international space station as it orbits Earth


  Thermosphere
• 319 miles (513 kilometers) thick


  Thermosphere
• Temperature can reach up to 4500 degrees Fahrenheit 


  Thermosphere
• Uppermost region of Earth’s atmosphere

  Exosphere
• The bottom of exosphere is sometimes referred to as 


  Exobase
• The boundary between exosphere and thermosphere is called


  Thermopause
• Consist of all the water on or near the earths surface.


  Hydrosphere
• Consist of the parts of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere where life is found.


  Biosphere
• What are the three factors that sustain the Earths Life


  One-way flow of high quality energy

  Cycling of nutrients

  Gravity
• From the sun through the living things in their feeding interactions, into the environment.

  One-way flow of high quality energy
• ( the atoms, ions & molecules needed for survival by living organisms) through the parts of the biosphere.


  Cycling of Nutrients
• It allows the planet to hold its atmosphere & causes the downward movement of chemical in the matter cycles.


  Gravity
• Examples of body parts that help animals with structure and survival:

  • The shape of a bird's beak
  • The number of fingers
  • The color of fur and skin
• The adaptation of animals to blend in with their environment is known as camouflage
• Adaptations for unfavorable conditions include:

  • Hibernation of most mammals in cold weather
  • Estivation (deep sleep) of some animals in deserts
  • Examples: Box turtle, Wood Frogs, Common Poorwills, Bats, Bumblebees, Snails, Skunks, Snakes, Hedgehogs, Groundhogs, Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur
• Examples of animals that undergo estivation include Box turtle, Wood Frogs, Common Poorwills, Bats, Bumblebees, Snails, Skunks, Snakes, Hedgehogs, Groundhogs, and Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur
• is a common adaptation for mammals in cold weather


  Hibernation
• is a deep sleep adaptation for animals in deserts

  Estivation