Reading and Writing

• Text is a group of ideas put together to make a point or one central idea.
• Text - a large unit of written language
• Discourse – an expression of ideas
• Properties of a Well Written Text

  A) Organization

  B) Coherence and Cohesion

  C) Proper mechanics

  D) Appropriate language use

  
• Organization refers to the arrangement of text elements such as paragraphs, sentences, phrases, clauses, etc.
• Organization refers to the arrangement of ideas in a text.
• An outline is like the skeleton of the human body. It can be useful because it provides a format in which the ideas can be arrange in a hierarchy-that is, it distinguishes the general ideas from the specific or subordinating ideas.
• Coherence and cohesion refers to the connection of ideas and connection between sentences and between paragraphs.
• It is concerned with how the sentences and paragraphs are linked together that they would express a single idea. Coherence
• It is focused on how the ideas are being connected in a certain phrase or sentence. Cohesion
• Organizing old and new information can be done by using certain vocabulary such as synonyms and antonyms, or repetition of words from the previous sentence, or using pronouns and conjunctions.
• Proper mechanics

       Mechanics refer to the conventions of writing which includes capitalization, punctuation, spelling, numerals, abbreviations, acronyms, and contractions.
• A text is a connected discourse, which means that all ideas in the text must be related in the sense that they would express only one main idea, or that the text must have unity by combining all ideas to emphasize a central idea. Essential Learning
• The ideas must be organized in a particular way and must have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Organization
• The ideas must be properly connected with cohesive or transitional devices such as conjunctions and signal words. Coherence and Cohesion
• The use of language must be concise. Appropriate Language Use
• Graphic Organizer is a visual and graphic display that depicts the relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas within a learning task. Graphic organizers are also sometimes referred to as knowledge maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advance organizers, or concept diagrams.
• Kind of Graphic Organizers

  A) T-Chart

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Concept Map

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Venn Diagram

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Sequence Chart

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Cause and Effect

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) KWL Chart

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Time Pattern Organizer

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Classification Patten Organizer

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Generalization and example pattern organizer

  
• Kinds of Graphic Organizers

  A) Definition Pattern Organizer

  
• Patterns of development are structures writers use to organize their ideas. 

  • Narration
  • Description
  • Definition
  • Exemplification/classification 
  • Comparison and contrast
  • Cause and effect
  • Problem-solution
  • Persuasion 
• a conference technique of solving specific problems, amassing information, stimulating creative thinking, developing new ideas, etc., by unrestrained and spontaneous participation in discussion. Brainstorming
• Four Brainstorming Tips

  • Cubing
  • Free writing
  • Listing
  • Mapping 
• Cubing is a popular writing technique that helps generate ideas for a longer assignment by having students look at a subject from six different points of view.
• Outlining is a tool we use in the writing process to help organize our ideas, visualize our paper’s potential structure, and to further flesh out and develop points.
• It allows the writer to understand how he or she will connect information to support the thesis statement and the claims of the paper. An outline provides the writer with a space to consider ideas easily without needing to write complete paragraphs or sentences.

  Outlining
• A narrative is a way of presenting connected events in order to tell a good story. Narrative writing
• to describe a person, place or thing in such a

  way that a picture is formed in the reader's

  mind. Descriptive writing
• “Expository” means “intended to explain

  or describe something.”
• provides a clear, focused explanation of a particular topic, process, or set of ideas. It doesn't set out to prove a point, just to give a balanced view of its subject matter. Expository writing
• It is any written communication with the intention to convince or influence readers to believe in an idea or opinion and to do an action. Persuasive writing
• A response to literature is an essay that is written in response to all of, or a specific element of, a piece of literature.
• In this essay, you state your own opinions about the theme, plot, characters or settings, backed up with evidence from the literary text. Responses to Literature