Microscopy

• Microscopy is the professional practice of using microscope to examine samples and things that cannot be viewed with the naked eye.
• The term " microscopy " originates from the Greek words " mikros " means small and " skopeo " to view,
• Microscope can be categorized into optical theory microscopes (light microscopes), electron microscopes, and scanning probe microscopes.
• Light microscopy uses the properties of light to produce an enlarged image. It is the simplest type of microscope.
• Light Microscopy can be categorized into: Simple Microscope and Compound Microscope.
• Simple microscope uses only a single lens.
• The compound microscope used two lenses or lens systems. One of the lens systems formed an enlarged image of the object and the second lens system magnifies the image formed by the first.
• The compound microscope consists of two lens systems,

  the objective and the ocular or eyepiece.
• The earliest microscopes were known as flea glasses because they were used to study small insects.
• A father-son duo, Zacharias and Han Jansen, created the first compound microscope in the 1590s.
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek created powerful lenses that could see teeming bacteria in a drop of water
• Robert Hooke discovered cells by studying the honeycomb structure of a cork under a microscope.
• Marcello Marpighi, known as the father of microscopic anatomy, found taste buds and red blood cells.
• Robert Koch used a compound microscope to discover tubercle and cholera bacilli.
• German engineer Carl Zeiss revolutionized the quality of lenses in the 19th century.
• The smallest object observed through a light microscope was 500 nanometers long.
• In 2008 the TEAM 0.5 debuted the world’ s most powerful transmission electron microscope and is capable of producing images half a ten-billionth of a meter.
• Researchers used microscopes in 2013 to demonstrate how life could have started.
• Mechanical Parts: base, c-shaped arm and stage.
• Magnifying part: objective lens and ocular lens
• Illuminating part: substage condenser, iris diaphragm, light source.
• The eyepiece is used to view the specimen.
• Diopter Adjustment is useful as a means to change focus on one eyepiece so as to correct for any difference in vision between your two eyes.
• Interpupillary Distance Adjustment adjust the distance of the eyepiece.
• In a Body tube (Head), the body tube connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
• The arm connects the body tube to the base of the microscope
• Coarse adjustment brings the specimen into general focus
• Fine adjustment fine tunes the focus and increases the detail of the specimen.
• The nosepiece is a rotating turret that houses the objective lenses. The viewer spins the nosepiece to select different objective lenses.
• Objective lenses in a standard microscope has three, four, or five objective lenses that range in power from 4X to100X.
• Stage is the flat platform where the slide is placed.
• Stage clips are metal clips that hold the slide in place.
• Stage height adjustment (Stage Control) move the stage left and right or up and down
• Aperture is the hole in the middle of the stage that allows light from the illuminator to reach the specimen.
• Illumination is the light source for a microscope
• Iris diaphragm adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
• Condenser gathers and focuses light from the illuminator onto the specimen being viewed.
• The base supports the microscope and it’s where the illuminator is located.
• Magnification is defined as the degree of enlargement of an object provided by the microscope.
• Magnification of a microscope is the product of the individual magnifying ability of an ocular lens and objective lens.