water and carbon

• percolation:

  the downward movement of water in rock under soil surface
• Runoff:

  all water that enters a river channel and eventually flows out of the drainage basin
• stemflow:

  water that flows down stem and trunk to the soil
• how long does the dry period separating two storms have to be?

  24 hours
• how long does the dry period separating two rainfall events have to be?

  4 hours
• Define through fall

  water that falls as precipitation and falls through canopy directly onto the ground
• throughflow:


  water flows in top layer (soil) of earth
• interception:

  water which is taken in by the plant leaves
• Infiltration:

  water soaks into soil
• Give two physical factors that affect the water cycle

  Storms- increase rainfall and magnitude of stores

  seasonal changes- interrupts the water transfers and affect the magnitude of stores
• Give three human factors that affect the water cycle

  deforestation- reduces interception and overland flow increases

  urbanisation- increases impermeable surfaces and deforestation

  farming- increased irrigation increases volume of water on ground