bacteria, fungi and parasites

• What type of bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus?

  Gram positive cocci
• Where is Staphylococcus aureus commonly found in healthy individuals?

  Throats, faeces, and skin
• How is Staphylococcus aureus transmitted?

  Through droplets, sputum, food, and dust
• What types of illnesses does Staphylococcus aureus produce?

  A wide variety of illnesses
• What is the onset time and duration of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

  4-6 hours onset, 24 hours duration
• Name one condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

  Scalded skin syndrome
• What type of bacteria is Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Gram-positive cocci
• Where is Streptococcus pyogenes commonly found?

  Respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, skin
• How is Streptococcus pyogenes transmitted?

  Through droplet, skin scales, and sputum
• What types of illnesses does Streptococcus pyogenes produce?

  A variety of illnesses due to toxins
• Name one condition caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

  Pharyngitis
• What are fungi classified as?

  Eukaryotic organisms
• Why are fungi not classified as plants?

  They lack chlorophyll
• What essential functions do fungi provide?

  Nutrient cycling and degradation of organic matter
• How many species of fungi are pathogenic to animals?

  About 200 species
• What are superficial mycoses?

  Infections of skin, hair, nails, or mucous membranes
• What are cutaneous mycoses?

  Invasive infections of skin, hair, nails
• What are subcutaneous mycoses?

  Infections involving dermis, soft tissues, muscle, and bone
• What are systemic mycoses?

  Infections that spread from lungs to many organs
• What are the types of fungal infections in humans?

  • Superficial mycoses
  • Cutaneous mycoses
  • Subcutaneous mycoses
  • Systemic mycoses
• What are dermatophytes?

  Fungi that cause superficial and cutaneous mycoses
• Name the three main genera of dermatophytes.

  Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
• How are subcutaneous and cutaneous mycoses transmitted?

  Human to human via direct contact
• What are zoonotic infections?

  Infections transmitted from animals to humans
• What are subcutaneous mycoses commonly associated with?

  Chronic infections in the dermis and soft tissues
• What is a parasite?

  Eukaryotic organism in a parasitic relationship
• What is the difference between facultative and obligate parasites?

  Facultative can survive without a host
• What are ectoparasites?

  Parasites that live on the surface of a host
• What are endoparasites?

  Parasites that live inside the host
• What is a complex parasite life cycle?

  Involves multiple hosts and transmission methods
• What are the three groups of parasitic organisms that infect humans?

  Protozoa, Helminths, Arthropods
• What are the four types of protozoa based on movement?

  Amoebae, Flagellates, Ciliates, Sporozoa
• What are helminths?

  Parasitic round and flat worms
• What is the role of bacteria in ecosystems?

  Fixation of nitrogen and degradation of organic matter
• What are the three types of bacterial infections?

  Acute, chronic, latent infections
• What is the difference between acute and chronic bacterial infections?

  Acute infections have rapid onset and severe symptoms
• What is latent infection?

  Pathogen present but no disease symptoms
• What are the important parasitic diseases mentioned?

  • Malaria
  • Filarial nematodes
• What protozoa causes malaria?

  Plasmodium species
• What is the life cycle of Plasmodium?

  Bi-phasic with asexual and sexual replication