ENGLISH REVIEWER

• Elements of Poetry


  - Lines

  - Stanzas

  - Form

  - Rhyme

  - Rhythm

  - Meter

  - Persona

  - Addresse

  - Sound Devices
• Lines


  the GROUP OF WORDS ARRANGED INTO A ROW that ENDS FOR A REASON
• Stanzas


  the SERIES OF LINES grouped together and separated by empty lines from other stanzas
• Form


  the OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE POEM
• Three General Types of Poem

  1. Lyric Poetry

  2. Narrative Poetry

  3. Descriptive Poetry
• Lyric Poetry


  expresses thoughts and feelings
• Narrative Poetry


  tells a story
• Descriptive Poetry


  describes the world, a person, or an object
• Rhyme

  the REPETITION OF SIMILAR SOUNDS at the END of each line
• RHYTHM


  the RECURRENCE of STRESSED and UNSTRESSED SOUND in a poem
• Meter


  the UNIT OF RHYTHM or the PATTERN OF BEATS
• Persona


  refers to the PERSON SPEAKING in the poem
• Addressee


  refers to WHOM the poem is DEFICATED
• Sound Devices


  used to STRESS SOUNDS and CREATE MUSICAL and DRAMATIC EFFECT in a poem
• Types of Sound Devices

  1. Alliteration

  2. Assonance

  3. Consonance

  4. Onomatopoeia
• Alliteration


  REPETITION of INITIAL consonant sounds
• Assonance


  REPETITION of a VOWEL SOUNDS within two or more words in close proximity
• Consonance


  REPITITION of CONSONANT SOUNDS
• Onomatopoeia


  the WORDS that IMITATE the NATURAL SOUNDS OF THINGS

  
  

  EX : CRASH
• Sonnet


  14 line poem

  Quatrains and couplet
• A sonnet can be broken down into—


  4 sections called quatrains
• The first 3 quatrains of a sonnet contains—

  four lines each and use alternating rhyme scheme
• The final couplet consists of —

  2 lines that both rhyme
• Three Main Forms of Sonnet Forms

  - Have been used since RENAISSANCE PERIOD

  - Each type of sonnet is names after the poet

  
  

  1. Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet

  2. English or Shakespearean Sonnet

  3. Spenserian Sonnet
• Poet of Petrarchan Sonnet

  Francesco Petrarch
• Petrarchan Sonnet are divided into—

  OCTAVE - 8 lined stanza

  SETSET - 6 lined stanza

  = 14 LINES
• Petrarchan Sonnet

  CONSTRUCTED with a CHANGE of THOUGHT or TURN BETWEEN the OCTAVE and SETSET so that the content and the form are ALLIED
• The RHYME SCHEME for PETRARCHAN SONNET

  it is set for the octet, but the setset allows variants

  
  

  OCTET - abbaabba

  SETSET - cdecde or cdcdcd, or any combination except a scheme that ends in a RHYMED COUPLET
• What is a Rhymed couplet


  TWO LINES of the SAME LENGTH that RHYME and complete one thought.
• Internal Rhyme


  occurs WITHIN a line of poetry
• End Rhyme


  occurs at the END of lines
• Rhyme Scheme


  PATTERN of END RHYMES that may be designated by assigning a different letter of the alphabet TO EACH NEW TO RHYME
• Rhythms can be—

  regular or irregular
• Symbols in Meter


  / - slash

  upside down u - intersection
• To measure each syllable per line, they are measured in—-

  FEET / ft.
• Foot / Feet / Ft.


  consists of certain number of syllables
• Sonnets are written in—

  iambic pentameter
• Iambic Pentameter


  a POETIC METER with 10 BEATS PER LINE, made up of ALTERNATING UNSTRESSED AND STRESSED SYLLABLES
• Iamb


  combination of unstressed and stressed syllabes

  
  

  or

  
  

  unstressed followed by stressed
• Pentameter


  a line of verse consisting of five metrical feet