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digestive system
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Shantini Aguilari
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Cards (156)
ingestion
eating
propulsion
segmentation
,
peristalsis
and includes
swallowing
mechanical
breakdown
chewing
and
churning
, segmentation and peristalsis
digestion
enzymatic breakdown
absorption
transport
of
nutrients
from
lumen
to
blood
defecation
elimination
of
feces
most extensive serous membrane
peritoneum
connects the visceral and parietal layers, double serous, provides route for blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve
mesentery
organs behind the parietal layer
retroperitoneal organs
organs within the parietal layer
intraperitoneal organs
secretory
and
absorptive
layer
mucosa
layer composed of at least two muscle
mucularis
connective tissue layer, containing
blood
,
lymph vessels
, and
nerves
submucosa
outermost layer of the wall;
visceral peritoneum
serosa
three stimuli that start a response from sensors in the wall of tract organs:
mechanical
and
chemical
stimuli
smooth muscle movement
nervous and hormonal control
two primary nerve plexuses regulating digestive function:
submucosal
:
glands
and
smooth muscle
in
mucosa
myenteric
:
GI tract movement
short reflexes
are stimulated inside GI tract and stimuli by gut brain
long reflexes
autonomic nervous system
(
parasympathetic
and
sympathetic
)
stimuli from
outside tract
functions of
saliva
cleanses
mouth
dissolves
food chemicals
moistens
food
breakdown of
starch
with enzyme
amylase
parotid opens
oral vesicle
submandibular opens in
lingual frenulum
subingua
10-12
inches into floor of mouth
serous cells
watery secretion
:
enzymes
,
ions
, some
mucin
mucous cells
produce
mucus
two digestive enzymes are found in
salvia
salivary amylase
and
lingual lipase
this enzyme in saliva inhibits bacterial growth
lysozyme
salivation is controlled primarily by the...
parasympathetic
division of
autonomic
system
chemoreceptors
are strongly activated by
sour substances
salivation induced by the sight or thought of food is a
conditioned reflex
the first set is called
deciduous
deciduous teeth start coming out at ages... and start being replaced at...
6 to 24 months
6 12 years old
there is... in permanent teeth set and... in the first set
32
20
In a permanent set of teeth you have
2 incisors
,
1 canine
,
two premolars
,
three molars
and occasionally
wisdom teeth
material covering the tooth root
cement
hardest substance in the body; covers tooth crown
enamel
attaches the tooth to the bone and surrounding alveolar structures
periodontal ligament
forms bulk of tooth structure; similar to bone
dentin
collection of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
pulp cavity
cells that produce this substance degenerate after tooth eruption
enamel
projections of intestinal mucosa that increase surface area
villi
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