digestive system

Cards (156)

  • ingestion
    eating
  • propulsion
    segmentation, peristalsis and includes swallowing
  • mechanical breakdown

    chewing and churning, segmentation and peristalsis
  • digestion
    enzymatic breakdown
  • absorption
    transport of nutrients from lumen to blood
  • defecation
    elimination of feces
  • most extensive serous membrane
    peritoneum
  • connects the visceral and parietal layers, double serous, provides route for blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve
    mesentery
  • organs behind the parietal layer
    retroperitoneal organs
  • organs within the parietal layer
    intraperitoneal organs
  • secretory and absorptive layer 

    mucosa
  • layer composed of at least two muscle
    mucularis
  • connective tissue layer, containing blood, lymph vessels, and nerves
    submucosa
  • outermost layer of the wall; visceral peritoneum
    serosa
  • three stimuli that start a response from sensors in the wall of tract organs:
    mechanical and chemical stimuli
    smooth muscle movement
    nervous and hormonal control
  • two primary nerve plexuses regulating digestive function:
    submucosal: glands and smooth muscle in mucosa
    myenteric: GI tract movement
  • short reflexes
    are stimulated inside GI tract and stimuli by gut brain
  • long reflexes
    autonomic nervous system(parasympathetic and sympathetic)
    stimuli from outside tract
  • functions of saliva
    cleanses mouth
    dissolves food chemicals
    moistens food
    breakdown of starch with enzyme amylase
  • parotid opens
    oral vesicle
  • submandibular opens in
    lingual frenulum
  • subingua
    10-12 inches into floor of mouth
  • serous cells
    watery secretion: enzymes, ions, some mucin
  • mucous cells
    produce mucus
  • two digestive enzymes are found in salvia
    salivary amylase and lingual lipase
  • this enzyme in saliva inhibits bacterial growth
    lysozyme
  • salivation is controlled primarily by the...
    parasympathetic division of autonomic system
  • chemoreceptors are strongly activated by 

    sour substances
  • salivation induced by the sight or thought of food is a
    conditioned reflex
  • the first set is called
    deciduous
  • deciduous teeth start coming out at ages... and start being replaced at...
    6 to 24 months
    6 12 years old
  • there is... in permanent teeth set and... in the first set
    32
    20
  • In a permanent set of teeth you have
    2 incisors, 1 canine, two premolars, three molars and occasionally wisdom teeth
  • material covering the tooth root
    cement
  • hardest substance in the body; covers tooth crown
    enamel
  • attaches the tooth to the bone and surrounding alveolar structures
    periodontal ligament
  • forms bulk of tooth structure; similar to bone
    dentin
  • collection of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
    pulp cavity
  • cells that produce this substance degenerate after tooth eruption
    enamel
  • projections of intestinal mucosa that increase surface area
    villi