Marketisation

• What is the main focus of the study on marketisation of education?

  Policies enacted by UK governments since the 1970s
• What does marketisation in sociology refer to?

  Exposure of an industry to market forces
• Which political party primarily led the marketisation ideology in the UK during the 1970s?

  Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party
• How did the New Right perspective influence education policy?

  By promoting competition and privatization in education
• What significant education reform was introduced in 1988?

  The Education Reform Act
• What was the purpose of the National Curriculum introduced in 1988?

  To standardise educational standards across subjects
• When did elements of the National Curriculum begin to be taught?

  September 1989
• What changes were made to the National Curriculum in 2014?

  It was revised for a more rigorous testing basis
• What was the aim of the Schools Council History Project established in 1972?

  To influence how history was taught in schools
• What was the goal of the Humanities Curriculum Programme?

  To create an integrated humanities curriculum
• When were league tables introduced in UK schools?

  1992
• What was the purpose of league tables in education?

  To publicly record school performance
• How did league tables affect competition among schools?

  They allowed direct comparison of school performance
• What threshold was set for secondary schools regarding GCSEs?

  Less than 40% of students attaining five A*-C GCSEs
• What concerns arose regarding league tables and student support?

  Schools may exclude underperforming students
• What is Ofsted an abbreviation for?

  Office for Education Standards, Children's Services and Skills
• How often are schools inspected by Ofsted?

  Every four years
• What grading system does Ofsted use for school inspections?

  Grade 1: Outstanding to Grade 4: Inadequate
• What is formula funding in education?

  Funding based on the number of enrolled students
• What happens to under-subscribed schools under formula funding?

  They may close due to lack of funding
• What did the Education Reform Act of 1988 promote in education?

  Competition and increased parental choice
• What is parentocracy in the context of education?

  Parents control their child's schooling choices
• What is endogenous privatisation in education?

  Making schools compete as businesses
• What is exogenous privatisation in education?

  Private companies managing state-owned schools
• How did New Labour continue the trend of marketisation from 1997?

  By introducing city academies and tuition fees
• What are city academies?

  Publicly funded schools operating independently
• What was the aim of introducing city academies?

  To give public schools greater autonomy
• What did New Labour allow regarding specialist schools?

  Schools could specialise in one of 10 categories
• What change occurred regarding faith schools under New Labour?

  Expansion of funding for various faith schools
• What promise did Blair make before the 1997 General Election regarding tuition fees?

  No plans to introduce tuition fees
• What significant change occurred in 1998 regarding higher education?

  Tuition fees were introduced for all students
• What model did New Labour move away from in UK schools?

  One size fits all model
• What categories could schools specialize in under New Labour?

  One of 10 categories
• Which faith schools were funded in the UK until 1997?

  Jewish and Christian faith schools
• What concerns have been raised about faith schools?

  Segregating children by faith
• What has been a recent trend in UK schools?

  Increased diversity in focus and specialization
• What did Blair promise before the 1997 General Election regarding tuition fees?

  No plans to introduce tuition fees
• What system was introduced for tuition fees in 1998?

  Means-tested system based on parent's salary
• What was the tuition fee cap raised to in 2003?

  £3,000
• What was the nature of the UK government in 2010?

  First coalition government in decades