Pop + Env Facts

• Neolithic Revolution 12,000 ya - shift from hunter-gatherer mobile populations to agricultural communities.
• The Green Revolution 50s and 60s - using technology, more efficient farming supplies/practices in agriculture to maximise yields.
•  1 billion people are able to be fed as a result of the Green Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution - Europe's population doubled during 18th century (100 → 200 million), and again during 19th century, to about 400 million.
• Population growth rises rapidly since 1960s, where population had doubled from start of the 20th century.
• Population stayed below 1 billion until 1804. Took only 100 years to reach 2 billion.
• Population reached 8 billion in November 2022.

  1 billion people added since 2010 and 2 billion since 1998. 
• Population estimated to reach 9 billion by 2050.
• 55% of population live in urban areas, expected to rise to 2/3 of population by 2050.

  90% live in the northern hemisphere. 
• Densely populated parts of world = north eastern USA, NW of Europe, S, SE, E Asia.
• Global population growth peaked in the 1960s at over 2% per year. Since then, rates fallen to less than 1%.
• Food production has tripled globally in last 50 years.

  Global arable land increased by 67 million ha.
• Africa consumes least calories of all continents - 27%+ of population affected by food insecurity.
• North America has highest food consumption rate, then Europe.
• If everyone adopted the average US diet, all habitable land would need to be converted for agriculture and still 38% short.
• China’s consumption increased by 1000 calories in 50 years. 
• Rice consumption is highest in China and Eastern Asian countries
• China consumes 9x amount of meat they once did. 
• Cereals account for up to 70% of energy intake in Africa, while in HICs it is around 30%.
• 50% of calories globally are from cereals, more so in developing countries (54%).
• Monsoon season May-October. Average 30 degrees and high humidity (90%). Average rainfall 2000mm.

  Between tropics around equator.
• Polar tundra climate is 20% of earths surface. Found in northern and southern hemispheres above 66 degrees latitude
• Arctic -40 °C in winter to up to 10 °C in summer, Antarctica temps down to -80° C in winter
• Polar tundra climate - precipitation levels less than 100mm per year
• Around 4 million live in Arctic Circle. Largest settlements in northern Russia - largest Murmansk (300,000 people).
• In Asia predicted per 1 degrees temperature rise, rice yields will decrease by 20%.
• • Kenya, Somalia - 7 of the past 10 years have experienced severe droughts. 
• Tropical Red Latosol (Ferralsols) - deep soils 30-40 metres thick.
• Taiga Podsol - less than 1m thick.
• As much as a third of global land is at risk of desertification.
• 1 in 10 people globally experience chronic hunger as they do not have access to sufficient food.
• Green revolution raised grain yields by 160%.
• GAFSP funded program in Rwanda increased yields by 30%.
• Bulgaria has the highest mortality rate in the world at 15.4 deaths per 1,000 people.
• Ukraine has the second highest mortality rate of 15.2 deaths per 1,000 people.
• Highest death rates - Bulgaria, Ukraine, Latvia, Lesotho, Lithuania
• Mortality rates highest in Eastern Europe and sub saharan Africa.

  Low in Central America and the Middle East.
• Lowest death rates - Qatar, UAE, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait
• Qatar has lowest mortality rate in the world at 1.2 deaths per 1000 people
• 98% of all deaths in children younger than 15 years are in the developing world.