biology homostatsis

• what does eating carbhydrates do?


  puts glucose (type of sugar) in blood
• how is glucose removed?


  from the blood by cells (which use it for energy)
• what happes when you exercise?

  a lot more glucose is removed from blood
• what is the pancreas controlling

  changes in blood glucose concentration are monitiored
• what happens when blood glucose concetration gets too high?

  pancreas releases the hormone insulin
• what does insulin cause?

  glucose to move into cells (so it removes glucose from the blood)
• what can glucose be stored as

  glycogen
• glucose is converted into gycogen in the?


  liver and muscle cells
• why can large amounts of glucose in blood be bad?


  can damage organs like heart.
• whats type 1 diabetes

  where pancreas produces little to no insulin
• what happens if a persons blood gluclose level rise

  can rise to a level where it can kill them
• what do type 1 diabetes people have to do?

  injections of insulin throughout the day
• what does glucose do after injections of insulin

  glucose removed from blood quicly after the food is digested
• what is a type 2 diabetes

  where a person becoms resistant to their own insulin
• what does it mean if there body doesnt respond to their own insulin

  they still produce but body cells dont respond properly to it
• what can increase ur chance of getting type 2 diabetes

  being obese
• what can type 2 diabetes can be controlled with

  by eating a carbohydrate-controlled diet
• what also can be controlled in type 2 diabtetes

  regular exercise
• Cells need a constant supply of glucose for respiration
• Rise in blood glucose levels

  Detected by the pancreas
• Decrease in blood glucose concentration

  Due to glucose being removed from the blood for storage as glycogen
• Insulin and glucagon

  Create a negative feedback loop to regulate blood glucose levels
• Blood glucose concentration


  The amount of sugar in the bloodstream
• Glycogen formation

  Liver and muscle cells combine extra glucose molecules to form glycogen for storage
• Control of blood glucose concentration

  Controlled by the hormones insulin and glucagon in a negative feedback loop
• Breakdown of carbohydrates in intestines

  Carbohydrates broken down into glucose molecules, absorbed into the bloodstream, causing blood glucose concentration to increase
• Balance needed to maintain blood glucose concentration not too high or too low
• Increase in blood glucose concentration

  Due to release of glucose molecules into the blood from glycogen breakdown
• Glucagon action

  Glucagon binds to liver cells, causing breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules
• Insulin action

  Insulin binds to receptors on cells, prompting them to take in glucose for storage
• Blood glucose concentration constantly changes due to insulin and glucagon actions
• High blood glucose concentration can damage tissues
• Response to low blood glucose levels


  Pancreas secretes glucagon into the bloodstream
• Bodies release insulin and glucagon to maintain blood glucose levels around the right levels
• Response to high blood glucose levels


  Pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream