Prelim

• Folk Architecture includes various types of structures like caves, mountaintop citadels, primitive huts, Higaonon tree houses, Bahay Kubo, Bale/Ifugao houses, Ivatan houses in Batanes, Torogan or Maranao houses, Badjao’s stilt houses, Bahay na bato
• Cave: a natural chamber or series of chambers in the earth or in the side of a hill or cliff
• Ancient cave dwellers embellished carved figures on cave walls, which were called murals
• Mountaintop citadels (Ijangs) are a testimony to the sophisticated defensive engineering of the early Ivatan settlers
• Primitive Hut: made up of tree branches and leaves, it is a portable shelter that protects from rain and heat of the sun
• Higaonon Tree House: built 2 to 20 meters above the ground, providing protection from floods, wild animals, and enemies, mostly found in Northern Luzon and Mindanao
• Bahay Kubo (Kamalig): an icon of Philippine culture representing "bayanihan", constructed with bamboo tied together and covered with a thatched roof using nipa or anahaw leaves
• Bale/Ifugao house: a one-room house with an attic or storage, the exterior looks like a pyramid resting on four posts, the interior is enclosed by slanting walls and ceiling that appears to be spherical formed by the loft
• Ivatan house in Batanes: most houses are built with limestone walls and cogon roofs, with narrow doors and windows with wooden shutters and often secured by wooden bars
• Torogan or Maranao House: a stately house for elite members of the Maranao tribe, symbolizing status and leadership, also serving as a courthouse, hall for community meetings, and its courtyard as ritual areas for weddings
• Badjao’s Stilt Houses: foundations are carefully placed between coastal rocks and corals, with houseboats having strong platforms on both ends, and the kitchen area usually found in the back
• Bahay na bato: a typical house of noble Filipinos, a mixture of native Filipino, Spanish, and Chinese influences, considered the apex in the development of Indigenous Filipino architecture
• Vernacular architecture: categorizes architectural design using locally available resources and traditions to address local building and design needs, evolving over time to reflect the environmental, cultural, and historical context
• Carving is a sculpture created by removing material (wood, ivory, stone) to create a desired shape, usually done with a knife or chisel
• Types of Carving: Stone Carving, Wood Carving
• Stone Carving: a prized art form in the Philippines, even prior to the arrival of Western colonizers, often representing ancestors or deities aiding spirits to the afterlife
• Wood Carving: one of the most notable traditional arts in the Philippines, with crafts in various ethnic groups dating back prior to the Hispanic arrival, using woods like Batikuling, Narra, Molave, and Kamagong
• Romblon is known as the Marble Capital of the Philippines
• St. Joseph Church is famous for wood carving, a traditional art in the Philippines with crafts dating back prior to the Hispanic arrival
• Paete, Laguna is the Carving Capital of the Philippines, known for wood carving with notable works found in various churches and galleries
• Folk Performing Arts encompass intangible art forms like folk music, folk song, folk dance, and various narrative structures
• Filipino folk performing arts include a vibrant array of traditional dances, music, and theater deeply rooted in the country's rich cultural heritage
• Batok, an indigenous Filipino form of tattooing, involves hand-tapping ink into the skin with bone or wood implements, creating meaningful and culturally significant markings
• Whang-od, a legendary tattoo artist from Kalinga, Philippines, known for traditional hand-tapped tattoos, considered the last mambabatok (traditional Kalinga tattooist)
• An ornament is an accessory, article, or detail used to beautify the appearance of something to which it is added or of which it is a part
• Ornaments can be in the form of display, jewelry, headdress, or tattoo
• Ornament as a display refers to decorative items or elements that enhance the aesthetic appeal of a space or object
• The bulul is a carved wooden statue that the Ifugao people of Northern Luzon used to guard their rice crop
• Kapampangans are famous for their parol, an iconic symbol of Filipino Christmas
• Mariano Madrinan is the official town hero of Paete, Laguna
• Pio Fadul is a Paetño that started his love for carving at the age of 10. Some of his works (including stone carving) can be found in a gallery in Pa
• Tinikling - is a dance that imitates the movements of a Tikling bird as they hop and jump across grass stems, run over tree branches, or escape from the bamboo traps set by farmers.
• Pandanggo sa Ilaw - a dance that portrays th courtship of a young man to a maiden who caught his love and interest.
• Maglalatik - a dance that portrays the heroic battle between the Christian and Muslim Moro tribesmen. Traditionally, it is also performed as homage to the Patron Saint of Binan, Laguna, San Isidro Labrador.
• Tagalog Folk Children's Songs o Bahay Kubo o Sitsiritsit

  o Leron Leron Sinta

  o Paruparong Bukid

  o Magtanim ay 'Di Biro
• Visayas & Mindanao Folk Songs o SI Pilemon o Ili-ili Tulog Anay o Waray-waray o Buyayang Buyayang o Ayaw Kang Magtangis
• Epic Poetry - considered as the highest point of Filipino folk literature, and dates back to the pre-colonial period. Usually of romance or adventure, are commonly presented during festivals and gatherings such as weddings, baptisms, and wakes
• Biag ni Lam-ang - is the most famous national epic of the Ilocano. It is notable for being the first folk epic to be recorded in written form
• Moro-Moro - street drama that usually lasted for several days, and presented both secular themes like love and vengeance, and the Spanish-influenced religious theme of the conflict between Christian's and Moros
• Sarsuwela - a type of melodrama, usually in three acts, that uses alternately spoken and sung words, It was in the Spanish influence that started sarsuwela, but it was also this colonization that led Filipinos to incorporate nationalistic tones in the Art.