C3.3 - Ionic bonding

• Ionic bonding:

  • Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • between a metal and a non-metal
• • Group 1 form 1+ ions
  • Group 2 form 2+ ions
  • Group 3 form 3+ ions
  • Group 4 do not form ions
  • Group 5 form 3- ions
  • Group 6 form 2- ions
  • Group 7 form 1- ions
  • Group 0 never form ions in compounds
• Ionic bonds are formed when the positive and negative ions are strongly attracted to each other
• When magnesium oxide, MgO, is formed, the reacting magnesium atoms lose two electrons and the oxygen atoms gain two electrons

  
• Another ionic compound is calcium chloride. Each calcium atom needs to lose two electrons but each chlorine atom needs to gain only one electron. This means that two chlorine atoms need to react with every one calcium atom to form calcium chloride. So the formula of calcium chloride is CaCl2

  
• Determine the compounds formula:

  (sodium - Na+)

  (fluorine - F-)

  (lithium - Li+)

  (oxygen - O2-)

  (ammonium - NH4+)

  (carbonate - CO3 2-)

  (nitrate - NO3-)

  • sodium fluoride = NaF
  • Lithium oxide = Li2O
  • ammonium carbonate = (NH4)2CO3
  • Lithium nitrate = LiNO3