Y8 tectonic mini quiz

• Tectonic theory explains that Earth's outer shell (lithosphere) is divided into plates that glide over the Earth's rocky inner layer above the soft core (mantle)
• Plate boundaries:

  • Destructive plate boundaries occur when continental and oceanic plates meet, potentially forming a collision zone when two continental plates meet
  • Constructive boundaries happen when continental or oceanic plates move apart, allowing magma to rise between the plates
  • Conservative boundaries are when two plates slide alongside each other
• sometimes secondary vents appear during eruptions
• The 3 P's of volcanoes:

  • predict, estimate when an eruption may happen
  • prepare, get ready for eruption
  • protect, getting buildings ready
• Hazards and responses to volcanic eruptions:

  • Pyroclastic flows are the most dangerous kind of eruption
  • Methods for dealing with volcanic eruptions include spraying lava with water, making earth barriers to channel lava, dropping concrete blocks via helicopter, ariel bombing of lava tubes with dynamite, and evacuating people from affected areas
• Iceland's geothermal energy process:

  • Stage 1: cold water gets pumped under the ground
  • Stage 2: water passes near the magma causing it to heat up
  • Stage 3: the water vaporizes, turning into steam, which is then pumped around and turned into energy
• Earthquakes are sudden violent shaking of the ground due to movement within the crust.
• Parts of a volcano:

  crater = hollow space at the top of a volcano

  main vent = where the magma rises through

  magma chamber = where the magma comes from

  volcanic bombs, ash and gases = ejected by eruption

  secondary vent = sometimes appear during eruption
• why live near volcanoes?

  lots of resources, soil, mud, tourism, cool to see, geothermal enrgy, cheaper, to study them, scientific research, quiet, water, views, agriculture, the soil is more nutritious and historical
• Earthquakes:

  seismic waves = energy that is released during an earthquake

  focus = the place where the earthquake originally occurs deep inside the earth

  epicentre = the place on the earths surface which is the shortest distance directly above the focus. It is the place where the maximum intensity of the earthquake is left.