Cold War

Cards (80)

  • when was the Yalta conference and what was agreed?
    February 1945
    -Germany and Berlin would be divided into 4u zones, -Germany to pay 20 million reperations (and 1/2 will go to the Soviets)
  • what were the consequences of the yalta conference?
    -Showed lack of agreement eg over reparation process
    -showed stalin wanted lots of land
  • when was the Tehran Conference and what was agreed?
    -1943
    -USSR could keep land in Eastern Europe if they won the war ( to make Germany weaker)
    -An international organisation would be created
    -USA and Britain launch another attack on Germany so German army would reduce troops in the East
  • what were the consequences of the Tehran Conference?
    -very good and beneficial for the USSR
    -gain lots of land
  • When as the Potsdam conference and what was agreed?

    July 1945
    -Germany would be demilitarised,
    -there would be democracy,
    -Soviets would gain 1/4 of goods made in Western Europe in return for supplying food and coal
  • what were the consequences of the Potsdam conference?
    -lots of disagreements, it highlighted the differences between capitalism and communism
  • when was the atomic bomb dropped, where and how many people died?
    -6th August 1945
    -Truman dropped it over Hiroshima and Nagasaki
    -over 120,000
  • what were the consequences of the atomic bomb dropping?
    USSR saw the USA as a great danger to the world
    -Stalin took control of more land between USSR and Germany as a 'buffer zone
  • describe the first telegram sent out and when?
    -1946
    -Long telegram- Kennan sent a detailed telegram about the USSR's attitude towards the USA (that Stalin wanted disruption of (capitalism)
  • what were the consequences of the Long telegram?
    -USA started 'containment'
    -which meant keeping communism in the USSR only
  • describe the second telegram and when was it?
    -1946
    -Novikov telegram
    -sent by soviet diplomat, shows USA didn't trust USSR
    -showed that America not afraid of war
  • what were the consequences of the Novikov Telegram
    -USSR felt the need to occupy more land for safety
  • What was the iron curtain speech?
    Winston Churchill's speech when he said that Europe is divided by "an iron curtain" in 1946 , behind it was USSR controlled countries
  • what were the consequences of the iron curtain speech
    -increased tension
    -both sides strengthened their forces
  • why were satellite states made?
    -barrier between Germany and USSR
    -showed power and strength
    -increase of communist influence
  • name 5 satellite states and how/when
    -East Germany
    -Poland- 1947 as a communist government
    -Czechoslovakia- 1948 a communist government
    -Hungary - 1949
    -Romania- voted communist after intimidation
  • What was the Truman Doctrine?
    -12th March 1947
    -Truman announced he would provide economic help to countries being threatened by communism
    -promised 400 million dollars, sent US soldiers to Greece and Turkey
  • what followed the Truman Doctrine? describe it
    -Marshall plan- gave 12.7 billion dollars between 1948-52
    -economic aid to countries hit by war
    -offered money to satellite states, stalin refused
  • What did Stalin call the Marshall Plan?
    -Dollar imperialism
    -he thought it was the USA trying to be more powerful and create American Empire in Europe
  • what were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
    -friendly Grand Alliance now gone
    -USA in direct opposition to USSR
    -Europe divided into Western and East
  • What was Cominform? When?
    1947- every Eastern Europe country was to follow Stalin's ordered, every country would have a cominform office
  • what was Comecon? When?
    -1949
    -no Eastern Europe country could take money from the USA
    -there would be trade only between communist countries, communist party took over all industries
  • what were the consequences of comecon and cominform?
    -increased tensions
    -made divide greater
  • what was the Berlin Crisis and when?
    -March 1948
    -USA , Britain and France united their zones in Trizonia
    -they created.a currency called Deutshmark
  • what was the Berlin Blockade?
    -USSR blocked off any land route in and out of Berlin
    -this stopped food and essentials reaching Trizonia
  • when and what was the Berlin Airlift?
    -June 1948 to May 1949
    -America flew in food and resources instead
    -there was a risk the planes might have been shot but it didnt happen
    -over 1000 tonnes of food flown in
    -After a year, Stalin removed the blockade
  • what were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?
    -made Stalin look weak
    -West proved they could success peacefully
    -3 days after, USA, Britain and France officially united
  • When and what was NATO?
    -1949
    -Western powers eg USA Britain France and 9 others united
    -from 1949 American troops stationed in Europe
  • When and what was the Warsaw Pact?
    -1955
    -all of Satellite States, lead by the Soviet Union
    -promised supoort
  • Describe the 6 stages of the arms race
    -atomic bomb 1945
    -1949 soviets made their own
    -1950 American Hydrogen Bomb
    -1957 Soviet Hydrogen Bomb
    -USA ballistic missiles
    -2 months later, Soviets also had ballistic missiles
  • what occurred under Khrushchev's leadership?
    -he openly criticises Stalin, he suggests peace
    -the reasons as to why people had hope for peace:
    -war in Korea ended
    -both countries broke from arms race
    -Austria 1955 meeting had calmed tensions
  • How did the Hungarian Uprising start?
    -Hungary didnt like Soviet control
    -they couldn't vote, food shortages, their leader was bruta;
  • what were the consequences of these attitudes?
    -protested in Budapest
    -tore down statue of Stalin
    -Scoviets had lack of control
  • how did Khrushchev respond to the Hungarian Uprising?
    -sent the red army to stop the riots
    -tried to please them with a new leader Imre Nagy
  • what did Imre Nagy follow?
    -wanted voting and dictatorship
    -asked for political prisoners to be freed
    -asked Khrushchev to remove politocal troops
  • what happened in November 1956 and the consequences?
    -Nagy said that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact
    -Khrushchev felt that other countries might follow and copy
  • when and what was the soviet union invasion of Hungary?
    -4th November 1956
    -Khrushchev sent in the red army, Hungarians fought back abd America didnt help Hungary because of their containment policy and the risk
  • what were the short term consequences?
    -uprising failed
    -20,000 Soviet troops in Hungary
    -20.000 Hungarians killed
    -Nagy and his supporters executed
  • what were the long term consequences?
    -Khrushchev seemed more powerful
    -new leader in Hungary
    -showed Eastern Europe that America wont help them, made the USA look weak
  • what occurred in 1958?
    -3 million East Germans moved to West Germany
    -refugee problem