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when was the Yalta conference and what was agreed?
February 1945
-Germany
and
Berlin
would be divided into
4u zones
,
-Germany
to pay
20 million reperations
(and
1/2
will go to the
Soviets
)
what were the consequences of the yalta conference?
-Showed lack of
agreement
eg over
reparation
process
-showed
stalin
wanted lots of
land
when was the Tehran Conference and what was agreed?
-1943
-USSR could keep land in
Eastern Europe
if they won the war ( to make
Germany weaker
)
-An
international organisation
would be created
-USA
and
Britain
launch another attack on
Germany
so German
army
would reduce
troops
in the
East
what were the consequences of the Tehran Conference?
-very
good
and
beneficial
for the
USSR
-gain lots of
land
When as the
Potsdam
conference and what was agreed?
July 1945
-Germany
would be
demilitarised
,
-there
would be
democracy
,
-Soviets
would gain
1/4
of
goods
made in
Western Europe
in return for supplying
food
and
coal
what were the consequences of the Potsdam conference?
-lots
of
disagreements
, it highlighted the differences between
capitalism
and
communism
when was the atomic bomb dropped, where and how many people died?
-6th August 1945
-Truman
dropped it over
Hiroshima
and
Nagasaki
-over 120,000
what were the consequences of the atomic bomb dropping?
USSR
saw the
USA
as a
great danger
to the
world
-Stalin
took control of more
land
between
USSR
and
Germany
as a
'buffer zone
describe the first telegram sent out and when?
-1946
-Long telegram- Kennan
sent a
detailed
telegram about the
USSR's attitude
towards the
USA
(that
Stalin
wanted disruption of (
capitalism
)
what were the consequences of the Long telegram?
-USA
started
'containment'
-which meant keeping
communism
in the
USSR
only
describe the second telegram and when was it?
-1946
-Novikov
telegram
-sent by
soviet
diplomat, shows
USA
didn't trust
USSR
-showed that
America
not afraid of
war
what were the consequences of the Novikov Telegram
-USSR
felt the need to occupy more
land
for
safety
What was the iron curtain speech?
Winston Churchill's speech
when he said that
Europe
is
divided
by "
an iron curtain
" in
1946
, behind it was
USSR
controlled countries
what were the consequences of the iron curtain speech
-increased tension
-both
sides
strengthened
their
forces
why were satellite states made?
-barrier
between
Germany
and
USSR
-showed
power
and
strength
-increase of
communist
influence
name 5 satellite states and how/when
-East Germany
-Poland-
1947 as a communist government
-Czechoslovakia-
1948 a communist government
-Hungary
- 1949
-Romania-
voted communist after intimidation
What was the Truman Doctrine?
-12th March 1947
-Truman
announced he would provide
economic help
to countries being threatened by
communism
-promised
400 million
dollars, sent US soldiers to
Greece
and
Turkey
what followed the Truman Doctrine? describe it
-Marshall plan-
gave
12.7 billion dollars
between
1948-52
-economic aid to countries hit by war
-offered money to satellite states
,
stalin refused
What did Stalin call the Marshall Plan?
-Dollar imperialism
-he thought it was the
USA
trying to be more
powerful
and
create
American
Empire
in
Europe
what were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
-friendly Grand Alliance
now gone
-USA
in
direct opposition
to
USSR
-Europe
divided into
Western
and
East
What was Cominform? When?
1947-
every
Eastern
Europe country was to follow
Stalin's
ordered, every country would have a
cominform office
what was Comecon? When?
-1949
-no
Eastern
Europe country could take money from the
USA
-there would be trade only between
communist
countries,
communist
party took over all
industries
what were the consequences of comecon and cominform?
-increased tensions
-made divide greater
what was the Berlin Crisis and when?
-March 1948
-USA
,
Britain
and
France
united their zones in
Trizonia
-they created.a currency called
Deutshmark
what was the Berlin Blockade?
-USSR
blocked off any
land route
in and out of Berlin
-this stopped
food
and
essentials
reaching
Trizonia
when and what was the Berlin Airlift?
-June 1948
to
May 1949
-America
flew in
food
and
resources
instead
-there was a
risk
the
planes
might have been
shot
but it didnt happen
-over 1000 tonnes
of
food flown
in
-After a
year
,
Stalin
removed the
blockade
what were the consequences of the Berlin Airlift?
-made Stalin look
weak
-West proved they could success
peacefully
-3
days after,
USA
,
Britain
and
France
officially united
When and what was NATO?
-1949
-Western
powers eg
USA Britain France
and 9 others
united
-from
1949 American troops stationed
in
Europe
When and what was the Warsaw Pact?
-1955
-all of
Satellite States
, lead by the
Soviet Union
-promised supoort
Describe the 6 stages of the arms race
-atomic bomb 1945
-1949 soviets made their own
-1950 American Hydrogen Bomb
-1957 Soviet Hydrogen Bomb
-USA ballistic missiles
-2 months later
,
Soviets
also had
ballistic missiles
what occurred under Khrushchev's leadership?
-he openly criticises
Stalin
, he suggests
peace
-the reasons as to why people had
hope
for
peace
:
-war
in Korea
ended
-both
countries broke from
arms race
-Austria 1955
meeting had
calmed tensions
How did the Hungarian Uprising start?
-Hungary
didnt like
Soviet
control
-they couldn't
vote
,
food shortages
, their
leader
was
bruta
;
what were the consequences of these attitudes?
-protested
in
Budapest
-tore
down statue of
Stalin
-Scoviets
had lack of
control
how did Khrushchev respond to the Hungarian Uprising?
-sent the red army to stop the riots
-tried to please them with a new leader
Imre Nagy
what did Imre Nagy follow?
-wanted
voting
and
dictatorship
-asked for
political prisoners
to be
freed
-asked
Khrushchev
to
remove
politocal
troops
what happened in November 1956 and the consequences?
-Nagy
said that
Hungary
would leave the
Warsaw Pact
-Khrushchev
felt that other
countries
might
follow
and
copy
when and what was the soviet union invasion of Hungary?
-4th November 1956
-Khrushchev
sent in the
red army
,
Hungarians
fought back
abd America
didnt help
Hungary
because of their
containment policy
and the
risk
what were the short term consequences?
-uprising
failed
-20,000 Soviet troops
in
Hungary
-20.000 Hungarians
killed
-Nagy
and
his supporters executed
what were the long term consequences?
-Khrushchev
seemed more
powerful
-new leader in
Hungary
-showed
Eastern Europe
that America wont help them, made the
USA
look
weak
what occurred in 1958?
-3 million East Germans
moved to
West Germany
-refugee
problem
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