booklet 5

• Urban resurgence


  the development of an area after a period of decline
• Gentrification


  the renewal of an area leading to an influx of affluent people
• top-down approach


  When the decision to undertake projects or developments is made by a central authority such as government with little or no consultation with the local people whom it will affect
• bottom-up approach


  when local people are consulted and supported in making decisions to undertake projected that meet one of more of there specific needs eg coin street
• Why was urban policy and regeneration needed in the Uk

  From the 1950s - 1970s the Uks cities were in decline demographically and economically
• Urban Policy - 1979-1991

  Emphasis given to property led initiatives and the creation of an entrepreneurial culture - private sector to regenerate the area - London Docks
• Urban policy - 1991-1997

  Partnership scheme and competition led policy - greater focus on local leadership and partnership between the private sector and local communities - Hulme
• Urban Policy - 1997-2000

  Area based initiatives- focused on narrowing the gap in key social and economic indicators between the most deprived neighbourhoods and the rest of the country eg East Manchester