Weather and climate

• Air mass are large bodies of air that have the same temperature and humidit.
• A cold front is where warm air moves over cooler air.
• Warm air rises because it's less dense than colder air.
• The process by liquid turns into solid crystals of pure ice is known as crystallisation
• The amount of thermal energy Increases as you move closer to the equator
• A maritime polar air mass can be described as cold and wet
• A maritime tropical air mass can be described as hot and wet
• A continental tropical air mass can be described as hot and dry
• Cool/Cold air has higher densit. Therfore, it sinks.
• If the front is semi-circles it’s a warm front
• If the front is triangles its a cold front
• Maritime tropical is warm and moist air that forms over tropical oceans
• continental tropical is hot and dry are that forms over dry land
• Maritime polar is cool and moist air that forms over cooler oceans
• Continental polar is cold and dry air forming over cold land.
• Temperatures are warmer at the equator because the sun rays hit the Earth at a 90° angle, spreading from the equator to the polls
• cold fronts are when cold air moves in and replaces warm air, causing weather changes, like thunderstorms.
• Warm air fronts are when warm air moves in and replace cold air bringing steady precipitation and warmer temperatures
• An occluded front is when a warm air mass is caught between two colder air masses, leading to precipitation and warmer temperatures
• A stationary front is when two air masses meet and neither one moves the other causing cloudy skies and precipitation
• Aquifers form when water seeps underground through soil and rocks
• Run-off is when water flows over the land surface into rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• Groundwater is water stored beneath the Earth's surface in aquifers and other underground formations.
• Evaporation occurs as heat from the sun causes liquid water to change directly into water vapor (a gas). This process takes place at the ocean surface or any body of water.
• Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants. Water absorbed by plant roots travels up the stem and leaves where it escapes into the atmosphere through tiny pores called stomata.
• The prevailing westerlies are steady winds that flow from west to east between latitudes 30°N and 60°N, and 30°S and 60°S.
• The trade winds are steady winds that flow from east to

  west between 30°N latitude and 30°S latitude.
• The polar easterlies are cold winds that blow from east to west near the North pole and the South Pole. Polar easterlies

  begin as dense polar air that sinks
• Coriolis effect means the deflection of moving objects, such as air and water currents, caused by Earth's rotation
• Biosphere means the part of Earth where life exists,
• Weather means the day-to-day condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.
• Climate means the average weather conditions in a region over a long period of time.
• Convection current the circular movement of air or water caused by differences in temperature and density.
• Precipitation is when liquid water falls from clouds in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, or freezing rain.
• Humidity refers to how much moisture is present in the air at any given moment.
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