(CMD201) Exam #2: RHD, TBI, Dementia Vocab.

• Right Hemisphere Damage (RHD) - damage to the right cerebral hemisphere of the brain
• RHD refers to a group of deficits that result from damage to the right side of the brain
• Extinction - failure to respond to stimulation on one side of the body when both sides are stimulated
• Visual Field Cut - visual sensory impairment caused by damage to the visual pathways, 'blind areas' in each eye
• Omission - leaving out part of a word


  order for DISorder, house for GREENhouse
• Additions - adding letters to a word


  Class for lass
• Anosognosia - lack of knowledge or awareness of disease
• Prosopagnosia - difficulty recognizing faces
• Arousal : remaining awake, input goes in
• Orienting : directing attention to stimulus
• Vigilance: the intense action or state of being alert that is needed to process info/stimuli
• Selective Attention : paying attention to ONE stimulus and not the others
• Prosody - Sing/song melody of speech
• Discourse - people talking to one another, connections made through communication
• Tangential Speech: going off on a tangent, speaking irrelevant information
• Confabulations: false memories/events that are created by the person themselves due to not understanding (mind fills in blanks)
• Affect - outward expression of emotion that may or may not accurately reflect the person's mood or emotion
• Emotion - a subjective mood state
• Task-Oriented Therapy - relearning a skill, improving function on a specific task (highly individualized)
• Compensatory (compensate) Strategies - using alternative methods to accomplish tasks when deficits exist; finding a way around it
• Process-Oriented Therapy - address processes & mechanisms underlying disabilites
• Contra Coup - brain impacting posterior side of skull, causing the brain to move backward
• Subsequent coup contra coup - injury to front and back of brain
• What is a primary brain injury?

  Immediate damage to brain tissue
• How do secondary brain complications occur?

  It is a result from primary brain injury
• How many types of distributions of brain injury are there? Three: focal; one kind of truama , multi-focal; more than one distributed occurrences of trauma, diffuse; impacts brain tissue
• Multi Focal Brain Injury - multiple areas of brain affected by traumatic events
• Diffuse Axonal Injury - widespread axon shearing throughout brain due to rapid acceleration/deceleration or rotational forces
• Focal Brain Injury - localized area of brain affected by traumatic event
• Open head injuries - Skull and meninges are penetrated, opening from outside to inside
• Closed Head Injuries - No skull fracture, no open wound on scalp, but still have damage to the brain
• what is hypoxia?

  Low oxygen to the brain
• what is anoxia?

  completely without oxygen
• What are the 4 deficits in TBI?

  ◦ Cognition

  ◦ Speech and language

  ◦ Emotion/Personality changes

  ◦ Swallowing
• what are the cognitive deficits with TBI?


  ◦ Orientation

   Awareness in 4 spheres:

  1. person
  2. place
  3. time
  4. circumstance

  ◦ Attention

  ◦ Memory

  1. Long-term

  2. short-term/working memory

  ◦ Executive function abilities

   Planning, judgment, decision making, cognitive

  flexibility, reasoning, self-monitoring
• What are the severities of TBI and how are they classified?

  Mild, moderate, severe. They are classified by Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) and GOAT Test
• What are the 3 categories of the GCS that are used for testing?

  Eye opening (4 points), verbal response (5 points) , and motor response (6 points)
• what is the RLA?

  Ranchos Los Amigos, scale for cognitive function
• RLA - allows common language that can be used in an interdisciplinary team
• What kind of assistance is needed for levels 1-3 in RLA?

  Total Assistance