drrr

• Vulnerability and exposure are dynamic and vary across temporal and spatial scales, depending on economic, social, geographic, demographic, cultural, institutional, governance, and environmental factors
• Lack of resilience and capacity to anticipate, cope with, and adapt to extremes and change are important causal factors of vulnerability
• Exposure refers to the presence of people, livelihood, environmental services and resources, infrastructure, or economic, social or cultural assets in places that could be adversely affected by physical events, subjecting them to potential harm, loss, or damage
• To be vulnerable to an extreme event, it is necessary to also be exposed; lack of population and economic resources in exposed areas with potentially dangerous settings would eliminate disaster risk
• Physical hazards are factors in the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it, such as vibration, noise, electricity, radiation, pressure, and heights
• Cultural hazards, also known as social hazards, result from location, socioeconomic status, occupation, and behavioral choices like smoking, crime-ridden neighborhoods, diet, exercise habits, and primary mode of transportation
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters.
• Economic hazards refer to major natural disasters with severe negative short-run economic impacts, potentially leading to adverse longer-term consequences for economic growth, development, and poverty reduction
• Environmental hazards threaten the natural environment and people's health, including pollution and natural disasters like storms and earthquakes
• Disaster risk reduction involves various elements like armed conflict, typhoons, flooding, earthquakes, exposure to dense populations, living in high-risk areas, vulnerability due to poverty, disabilities, poor health and sanitation, hunger, poor infrastructure, governance issues, and capacity building through wise resource use, robust infrastructure, and good governance
• It emphasizes building resilience to disasters, reducing vulnerabilities, strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response, increasing recovery and reconstruction effectiveness, and improving disaster risk governance.
• Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance involves developing policies, strategies, plans, institutions, and mechanisms that enable participation, coordination, and cooperation at all levels.
• Understanding Disaster Risk includes assessments, data collection, analysis, and sharing information about disaster risk.
• Building Resilient Infrastructure and Habitat includes investing in sustainable, inclusive, and safe infrastructure and habitat, promoting land use planning, and ensuring accessibility and safety for all users.
• Improving Education and Awareness focuses on providing education and awareness about disaster risks, enhancing community knowledge and skills, and fostering individual responsibility and collective action.
• Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into Development Planning ensures that disaster risk is considered throughout the entire development process, from planning to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
• Reducing Vulnerability to Hazard Impacts involves identifying, understanding, and addressing underlying risks and vulnerabilities.
• Enhancing Preparedness for Response to Effective Recovery from Disasters involves preparing for emergencies and responding effectively when they occur, as well as ensuring timely and appropriate assistance is provided during recovery.
• Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change is achieved by addressing the underlying causes of climate change and its impacts.
• Building Resilience to Disasters involves enhancing community resilience by empowering individuals, communities, organizations, and societies to manage their own development processes.
• Improving Education and Awareness involves providing education and awareness programs for individuals, communities, organizations, businesses, and governments.
• Enhancing International Cooperation involves working together globally to address common challenges related to disaster risk reduction.
• Reducing Vulnerability to Disasters involves identifying and addressing the underlying causes of vulnerability through measures such as social protection programs, gender equality, and empowerment of women and girls.
• Enhancing Financial Preparedness includes establishing financial instruments and systems to manage disaster risks, promote insurance coverage, and support post-disaster recovery efforts.
• Investing in DRR is essential to build resilience against natural hazards and minimize their impact on people's lives and communities.
• Enhancing International Cooperation aims to promote international collaboration and support for DRR efforts, including capacity-building, technology transfer, and financial assistance.
• The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) was adopted by UN member states in March 2015 as part of the post-2015 development agenda.
• The SFDRR provides guidance on how countries can reduce their exposure to hazards and build more resilient communities.
• hazard- dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that can loss life.

  Exposure- element at risk

  vulnerability- damaging effects of a hazard.

  capacity- community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk or effects of disaster.

  risk- probability of an event to happen and negative consequences.
• -displaced populations

  -health risk

  -food scarcity

  -emotional aftershocks