21st

• Poetry originates from the Greek word "Poiesis" and involves creating a literary skill where the evocative and aesthetic qualities of a language are brought out in place of the language’s plain meaning
• Types of poetry include:

  • Narrative: tells a series of events with poetic devices
  • Lyric: a short poem expressing the state of mind
  • Dramatic: the discourse of a character to tell a story or portray a situation
• In literary criticism, various lenses are used to analyze works, including:

  • Biographical Criticism: focuses on the author's life insight to amplify the meaning of the text
  • Formalist Criticism: aims to determine how elements work together to shape effects on readers
  • Historical Criticism: seeks to understand a work by investigating its social, cultural, and intellectual context
  • Gender Criticism: explores how sexual identity influences the creation and reception of literary works
• Canonical authors are writers whose works are well appreciated and considered representative of certain genres of literature
• Notable Canonical Authors:

  • Amado V. Hernandez: practiced "committed art" and wrote about the struggles of Filipino laborers
  • Jose Garcia-Villa: known as "Doveglion" and introduced reversal consonance and comma poems
  • Nick Joaquin: explored the Philippine colonial past and psychology of social danger
  • Edit L. Tiempo: acknowledged as the "Mother of Philippine Literature" and founded the Siliman National Writers Workshop
  • F. Sionil Jose: his works reflect the consistent espousal of the aspirations of Filipinos for national sovereignty and social justice
• F. Sionil Jose (1924-2022) is from Rosales, Pangasinan

  • His works reflect the consistent espousal of the aspirations of Filipinos for national sovereignty and social justice
  • Works include: Rosales Saga, The Pretenders, Tree: My Brother, My Executioner, Mass, and Po-on
  • These works capture Philippine history while narrating the lives of generations of Samsons
• Cirilo F. Bautista (1941-2018) from Sampaloc, Manila, was a poet, fictionist, and essayist

  • He made exceptional achievements and significant contributions to the development of the country’s literary art
  • Bautista held regular funded and unfunded workshops to bring poetry and fiction close to people who otherwise would not have the opportunity to develop their creative talent
  • He was a literature teacher who realized that the classroom is an important training ground for film writers