25-27

• Where were the 4 main territories Native Americans lived in in the West?

  Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma
• When did the gov't sign a treaty w/ the Plains Indians marking the beginning of the reservation system in the West?

  1815
• What was the US army called in warfare with Indians?

  Buffalo Soldiers
• What was the Sand Creek Massacre?

  1864: More than 200 Cheyenne Indians were killed
• Describe the Battle of Little Bighorn (June 25, 1876)

  Known as Custer's last stand; Custer and 600 US men against 3,000 Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne Warriors led by Sitting Bull, Custer defeated within an hour.
• What animal population greatly decreased in the late 19th century?

  Bison
• What was the Peace Policy of 1869?


  President Grant attempts to end violence in the West but is unsuccessful.
• What did Congress declare in 1871?


  The US would no longer recognize Indian tribes as sovereign nations and would cease to make treaties with them.
• What was the Dawes Severality Act of 1887?

  Dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership land, set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres.
• When was full citizenship granted to all Native Americans?

  1924
• What industries were lucrative in the West?


  Mining and farming
• What was the Homestead Act of 1862?


  Allowed settlers to acquire as much as 160 acres of land for a filing fee of 10 dollars, live on it for 5 years, improve it and pay a fee of 1.25 dollars an acre then the homesteader can take possession of a permanent title.
• What states newly joined the Union and when?

  1876: Colorado, 1889-1890: North and South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming, 1896: Utah
• Who won the election of 1893?

  Grover Cleveland
• What happened to the economy in 1893?

  Economic depression, gold was depleted quickly from the treasury. Cleveland had to ask J.P Morgan to bail out the gov't (Morgan left the gov't 65 million dollars in gold) and was criticized for this decision.
• Who won the election of 1896?

  William McKinley (republican, ran against William Jennings Bryan)
• What was the Gold Standard Act (1900)?


  Defined the US dollar by gold weight and required the Treasury to redeem, on demand and in gold coin only, paper currency (no silver).
• How valuable was gold?

  $20.67 an ounce, valued the dollar at 25.8 grams of gold
• What happened to the US in the early 1900s?


  Lots of growth in population, wealth, and productive capacity
• What did Hawaii provide to the Americas?

  Sugar
• Describe relations between US and Hawaii

  In 1887, the US gov't signed a treaty with the Hawaiian Gov't guaranteeing priceless naval-base rights at Pearl Harbor. Queen Liliuokalani did not want whites controlling the island, sucessful white revolt in early 1893, treaty of annexation rushed to Washington DC, Clevelend withdrew treaty, 1898 US acquired Hawaii.
• When did Hawaii receive full territorial status?

  1900
• When did Hawaii become a state?

  1959
• When was the Spanish-American War?

  April 21, 1898 to August 13, 1898
• What was the Spanish-American War?

  Cuba rose against the Spanish oppressors in 1895 partly because of economics (McKinley was president)
• Who were the Rough Riders?

  Members of the US cavalry (cowboys, miners, police) recruited by Theodore Roosevelt (second command), led by Col. Leonard Wood, helped seize San Juan Ridge in Battle of Santiago.
• Describe USS Maine

  Early 1898, Washington sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect and evacuate Americans, blew up in Havana harbor (Feb 15th 1898), lost 260 sailors. US said Spain did it w/ a submarine mine, Spain said it was an accident.
• When did McKinley send his war message to congress?

  April 11, 1898
• What was the Teller Amendment?

  Congress told the world the US had overthrown Spanish misrule and give Cuba freedom
• August 12, 1898 Spain signs an armistice
• What was the Foraker Act of 1900?

  Accorded Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular gov't
• When did Congress grant US citizenship to Puerto Ricans?

  1917
• What was the Platt Amendment?

  Cuba signed this in 1901 and hated it. Cubans were forced to agree not to make treaties that may compromise their independence or take on too much debt (according to the US), US would intervene with troops to restore order when it saw fit, Cubans promised to sell or lease needed coaling or naval stations (Guantanamo). Repealed in 1934
• America excluded the Philippines from the peace talks with Spain after the war.
• Who became civil governor of the Philippines in 1901?

  William Taft
• When did Filipinos get their freedom?

  July 4th 1946
• What was the open door policy in China?

  Written by Secretary of State John Hay. Urged other powers to respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition, but the Chinese did not want Western intervention.
• What was the Boxer Rebellion?

  In 1900 a super patriotic Chinese group known as the boxers broke loose w/ the cry "Kill foreign devils", murdering more than 2000 foreigners and thousands of Chinese Christians, seizing the foreign diplomatic community in Beijing. Multinational rescue of some 18,000 soldiers arrived and stopped the rebellion.
• Who won the election of 1900?

  William McKinley
• When was McKinley assasinated?

  1901 in Buffalo NY by an anarchist