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Clinical Bacteriology
PRELIM TOPICS
Bacterial Morphology
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Cards (65)
morphology
refers to the
shape
and
size
of a bacteria
0.25
- 1 micrometer in width and 1-3 micrometer in length
neisseria spp. and streptococcus pneumoniae
diplococci
streptococcus spp.
cocci in chain
micrococcus tetragena
tetrads
micrococcus luteus
sarcina
staphylococcus spp.
cocci in cluster
found in ocean residue (African coast)
thiomagarita namibienses
small and short bacillus ex. Haemophilus
fingerprint pattern
large, square cut ends, spore forming bacillus
ex.
Bacillus
anthracis
arranged in chain
large, rounded ends, non spore forming bacillus
ex.
fusobacterium
spp.
arranged in chain
arrange in serpentine cord or crawling snake ex. mycobacterium tuberculosis
slim,
slender
like bacillus
branching or filamentous bacilli ex.
Nocardia
spp.
Irregular baccili
club shaped
remembers X,Y,Z or Chinese characters
ex. corynebacterium diphtheriae
Curved or comma bacillI
Vibrio
spp.
S or C shaped bacilli
resembles
seagul
wing
Helicobacter
spp.
Arcobacter
spp.
Spiral
with two or more curves
quite rigid
ex:
Spirilum
minor
rat
bite infection
Loosely twisted spiral
resembling stretch spiral
Borrelia
spp.
Lyme
disease
Tightly
twisted
spiral
corkscrew
ex: Treponema palladium
syphilis
Tightly twisted spiral with one or both ends bent into hook
interrogative
symbol
Leptospira
interrogans
Leptospirosis
Direct/Simple Stain
Crystal violet
Methylene
blue
Malchite
Green
Differential
stain
contains two or more chromogens
Gram staining differentiates gram
positive
:
violet
from gram
negative
:
red
/
pink
Acid fast staining differentiates AF organism: Red from
Non
AF organism:
Blue
/
Green
Fluorochrome
stain uses fluoresrescent dyes such as auramine or rhodamine or both
Pappenheim
Mycobacterium tuberculosis -
Red
Mycobacterium lacticola -
Blue
Baumgarten Stain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis -
Blue
Mycobacterium leprae -
Red
Stain for cell wall
Victoria
blue
dye - stains
blue
Stains for Capule
HISS -
Pale
brown
TYLER -light
violet
MUIR - light
blue
GIN - unstained capsule
WADSWORTH -
Capsule-Pink
Bacteria -
Blue
WELCH - pale
violet
Stain for Granules
Loeffler Alkaline Methylene Blue -
Red
ALBERT -
Blue
black
NEISSER -
Dark
blue
LINDERGAN - reddish
brown
BURKES TECHNIQUE - modified gram staining technique
LJUBINSKY - dark
violet
Stains for Bacterial Spores
FULTON SCHAFFER -
Green
DORNER
-Red
WIRTZ CONKLIN -
Green
Stains for Flagella
Gray
Silver
Fisher
conn
Leifson
Stains for Rikettsia
CASTAÑEDA -
blue
MACHIAVELO -
red
GIEMSA -
blue
Stains for Chlamydia
GIMENEZ -
red
MACHIAVELO -
red
GIEMSA -
purple
Stains for Mycoplasma
DIENES -
blue
Stains for Bipolar Bodies (Yersinia pestis)
WAYSON -
red
SIZE
PINPOINT - colonies less than
1mm
SMALL - slightly the same size of
pinhead
MEDIUM - slightly
larger
than pinhead
LARGE -
6-8mm
Smooth
- circular without interruption
Undulate
- wavy edge
Rhizoid-
crenated edge
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