Cardiovascular Disease

• What is cardiovascular disease?

  Diseases of the cardiovascular system
• What are the treatments for cardiovascular diseases mentioned in the video?

  • Stents
  • Statins
  • Replacement valves
  • Replacement hearts
• What happens in coronary heart disease?

  Coronary arteries get blocked by fatty material
• How does blockage in coronary arteries affect the heart?

  It reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart
• What are the two main treatments for coronary heart disease?

  Stents and statins
• What is a stent?

  An expandable tube to keep arteries open
• What are the benefits of stents?

  Quick surgery and long-term effectiveness
• What are the risks associated with stent surgery?

  Heart attack, infection, and thrombosis
• What is a statin?

  A medication that alters cholesterol levels
• What are the two types of cholesterol?

  Bad LDL and good HDL cholesterol
• How do statins affect cholesterol levels?

  Decrease bad cholesterol and increase good cholesterol
• What are the side effects of statins?

  Headaches and kidney failure
• What can cause damage to heart valves?

  Old age, heart attacks, and infections
• What is the role of heart valves?

  Allow blood to flow in one direction only
• What are the two main problems with faulty heart valves?

  Stiff valves and improper closure
• How can faulty heart valves be fixed?

  By replacing them with new valves
• What types of valves can be used for replacement?

  Biological or mechanical valves
• What is heart failure?

  When the heart can't pump blood properly
• What is the only proper treatment for severe heart failure?

  A new heart transplant
• What are artificial hearts used for?

  Temporary fix until a biological heart is found
• Why can't pig or cow hearts be used for transplants?

  They may be rejected by the immune system
• What is a potential complication of heart transplants?

  The body may reject the donor heart
• What is an advantage of artificial hearts?

  They are not rejected by the immune system
• What is required for a heart and lung transplant?

  Both donor heart and lungs are needed
• What is a challenge in finding donor organs?

  It can take a long time to find them
• What resources does the website cognito.org offer?

  • Videos on various topics
  • Questions and flashcards
  • Exam style questions
  • Past papers
  • Progress tracking