Plant Disease and Defences

• What will be covered in the video?

  Plant diseases and their defenses
• How can plants catch diseases?

  From microorganisms and larger organisms
• What are some microorganisms that can cause plant diseases?

  Fungi, bacteria, and viruses
• What are deficiency diseases in plants?

  Diseases from lack of essential minerals
• Which essential minerals are mentioned for plant health?

  Nitrates and magnesium ions
• Why are nitrates important for plants?

  They are needed for making proteins
• What happens to plants with insufficient nitrates?

  They often experience stunted growth
• What role do magnesium ions play in plants?

  They are needed for making chlorophyll
• What is a symptom of magnesium deficiency in plants?

  Chlorosis and yellow leaves
• What are some symptoms of diseased plants?

  Abnormal growths, decay, and discoloration
• How can you identify the organism responsible for plant disease?

  By observing visible organisms like aphids
• What is the easiest method to diagnose plant disease?

  Match symptoms to a garden manual
• What can you do if basic observations fail to diagnose a plant disease?

  Send a sample to a plant pathologist
• What does a plant pathologist do?

  Specializes in diagnosing plant diseases
• What is one method a plant pathologist might use for diagnosis?

  Look at tissue samples under a microscope
• What are unique antigens used for in plant disease diagnosis?

  To identify specific pathogens
• How can you test for magnesium deficiency in plants?

  Give the plant magnesium and observe
• What is a basic method for diagnosing plant diseases?

  Trial and error with treatments
• What are the types of plant defenses against diseases?

  • Physical defenses: Waxy cuticle, cell walls
  • Chemical defenses: Antimicrobial substances, poisons
  • Mechanical defenses: Thorns, hairs, curling leaves
• What is the function of a waxy cuticle in plants?

  It prevents the entry of pathogens
• What are chemical defenses in plants?

  Chemicals that kill pathogens or deter insects
• What are mechanical defenses in plants?

  Structures that deter animals from feeding
• How do thorns and hairs function as plant defenses?

  They stop animals from eating or touching
• What happens to leaves when insects land on them?

  They may curl or droop
• What are the three types of plant defenses?

  • Physical defenses
  • Chemical defenses
  • Mechanical defenses
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