Transpiration & Translocation

• What is the process by which plants transport sugars?

  Translocation
• How do plants make their own sugars?

  Through photosynthesis in the leaves
• What is the main function of phloem cells?

  To transport sugars throughout the plant
• What are phloem tubes made of?

  Flo cells arranged end to end
• What is the significance of the small pores between phloem cells?

  They enable movement of cell sap
• What can sugars be used for once transported to other cells?

  For energy or stored for later use
• In which directions can phloem transport substances?

  Up or down the plant
• What is the role of xylem tubes?

  To transport water and mineral ions
• What type of cells make up xylem tubes?

  Dead xylem cells
• What material strengthens xylem tubes?

  Lignin
• What drives the movement of water through a plant?

  Evaporation of water from leaves
• How does evaporation from leaves affect water movement?

  It pulls water up through the plant
• What is the term for the evaporation of water from leaves?

  Transpiration
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The chain of water molecules moving up
• What factors influence the rate of transpiration?

  Light intensity, temperature, air flow, humidity
• How does light intensity affect transpiration?

  Higher light increases photosynthesis and transpiration
• What happens to transpiration at night?

  It decreases due to closed stomata
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  Higher temperatures increase the rate
• Why does high air flow increase transpiration?

  It maintains a high concentration gradient
• How does humidity affect transpiration rates?

  Higher humidity decreases the rate
• Where can you find additional study resources mentioned in the video?

  On the Cognito website
• What features does the Cognito website offer?

  Videos, questions, flashcards, progress tracking