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Cards (12)
Computer
Considered as calculating machine
Can perform arithmetic operations
Programmed to : accept data ( input), process data into useful information, produce out, and then store for later use
User
Someone that communicates with a computer
Data
Collection of raw facts and figures
Consists of numbers, characters, symbols, etc.
Information
Processed data
Meaningful than data
Data that is organized, meaningful and useful
Information
technology
For storing, retrieving, and sending information
Mechanical
Computers
1600
to
1900
More traditional computer-based on mechanical techniques
Example:
abacus
,
slide ruler
, and
pascal calculator
What year does the ELECTRONIC COMPUTER starts and ended?
1937 - 1953
First Generation of electronic computers used vacuum tubes:
Operated from 1946 to 1956
Could perform 2,000 to 16,000 additions per second
Had main memory ranging from 100 bytes to 2 kilobytes
Used vacuum machines, were very large, required special rooms with air conditioning, and needed specially trained technicians to run and maintain
Second Generation of electronic computers (from
1959
to around
1965
) used
transistors
:
Were smaller, faster, and more reliable
Could perform
6,000
to
3,00,000
operations per second
Had main memory ranging from
6
kilobytes to
1.3
megabytes
Cost one-tenth the price of a 1st generation
Became common in
larger businesses
and
universities
Third generation computers (
1965
to around
1972
) used
integrated circuits
, which are many
transistors
on one piece of silicon
Characteristics of third generation computers:
Smaller, faster, more reliable, and lower in price compared to previous generations
Some could fit on desktops, while others were the size of a stove or refrigerator
Capable of performing
100,000
to
400,000,000
operations per second
Cost about one-tenth the amount of second generation computers
Third
generation computers with integrated circuits became very common in
medium
to
large
businesses