Transportation of Materials in Humans and Plants

• The circulatory system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the body.
• Blood flows through a network of tubes called Blood Vessels
• The Human circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
• Blood is a fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients around the body and it is red in colour
• White Blood Cells (WBC) - fight infection
• Red Blood Cells (RBC) - carry oxygen to cells
• Plasma - liquid part of blood
• Platelets - form clots to stop bleeding
• Blood Transports ; Water to all parts of the body, Digested food from the small intestine to all parts of the body, Oxygen to most of the cells in the body, Carbon-Di-Oxide from the cells to the lungs for removal and Liquid waste from the cells to the kidneys for removal
• Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
• Plasma is the liquid part of blood that contains dissolved substances and carries oxygen and nutrients and contains 90% water
• RBC's are the most common type of blood cell in the body.
• RBCs contain a red colored pigment called Hemoglobin
• WBC's are responsible for the first line of defense against pathogens
• There are 3 types of blood vessels in the Human body called arteries, veins and capillaries
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
• Veins return blood back to the heart from other parts of the body
• Capillaries connect arteries and veins and allow exchange between tissues and blood
• The Heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood around the body
• The Heart has 4 chambers, namely: The Right Auricle, The Right Ventricle, The Left Ventricle, and The Left Auricle
• The upper chambers of the Heart are called the Auricles or the Atria
• The lower chambers of the Heart are called the Ventricles
• The Septum is a thin sheet of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart.
• The Septum prevents the blood from mixing in the heart.
• The left side of the Heart contains oxygenated blood
• The right side of the Heart contains de-oxygenated blood
• The top side of the left atrium is connected to the Pulmonary vein to bring oxygenated blood into the heart from the lungs
• Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body's tissues through the aorta
• Heartbeat is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the Auricles and the Ventricles
• The process of removal of waste from the body is excretion
• The most common waste materials in Humans are: CO2, Urea and Sweat
• CO2 is removed the Exhalation
• Sweat is removed through sweat glands present in the skin
• Urea is removed through the kidneys and is excreted in urine
• Nephron is the functional unit of Kidney which performs filtration of Blood
• Kidneys are the main excretory organs in the body
• The Human Excretory system contains the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
• The main function of Kidneys is to remove Urea from blood by filtering it
• Urine is the mix of water along with urea and other waste products
• Urine contains 95% water, 2.5% urea, 1% uric acid, 1% creatinine