gentics and biodiverity

• Allele: A version of a gene.
• Arithmetic mean: The average of a set of numbers calculated by dividing the sum of the values by the number of values.
• Artificial classification: A type of classification that divides organisms into groups based on analogous characteristics such as leaf shape number of legs and type of wing.
• Binomial system: A universal system of naming organisms that consists of two parts: the generic name and the specific name e.g. Homo sapiens
• Chromatid: One strand of a replicated chromosome.
• Chromosome mutation: A change to the number or structure of chromosomes that can occur spontaneously.
• Deletion: A form of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotide bases are removed from a DNA sequence. This may change all amino acids in a sequence rendering the protein non-functional.
• Ecosystem diversity: A measure of the range of different habitats in a particular area.
• Gene: A length of DNA on a chromosome that codes for the production of one or more polypeptide chains and functional RNA.
• • Gene mutation: A change to at least one nucleotide base in DNA or the arrangement of bases. Gene mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication.Questions (1)
• Genome: The entire set of genes in a cell.
• Meiosis: A type of cell division that produces four genetically different daughter cells (gametes) with a haploid number of chromosomes. It involves two divisions.
• Mitosis: A form of cell division that produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells. Mutagenic agent: An agent that increases the rate of gene mutations above normal level.
• Natural selection: The process by which the frequency of ‘advantageous’ alleles gradually increases in a population’s gene pool over time.
• Prokaryotic DNA: Circular pieces of DNA that do not have associated proteins.
• • Ribosomes: Sub-cellular structures where protein synthesis takes place.
• Species diversity: A measure of the number of different species and the abundance of individuals in each of these species within a community.
• Genetic diversity: The number of different alleles in a population. Genetic diversity between organisms can be investigated by comparing observable characteristics DNA and mRNA base sequences and amino acid sequences.
• prokaryotes are the simplest unicells on earth
• Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles
• eukaryote, any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus.
• Multicelluar organsims are an organism composed of many cells, which are to varying degrees