XD questions for Exam 2

• What type of bacteria doesn't need organic carbon?

  Autotrophs
• What type of bacteria uses light as carbon source?

  Phototrophs
• What type of bacteria uses oxidation of inorganic material for energy?

  Lithotrophs
• What type of bacteria uses organic carbon as a carbon source?

  Heterotrophs
• What are the types of heterotrophs?

  Parasites

  Pathogens

  Saprophyte

  Symbiote Bacteria
• What are examples of a trace element?

  Magnesium

  Iron

  Copper

  Zinc
• What are the two reactive forms of oxygen?

  Peroxide radicals

  Hydroxyl radicals
• What is the enzyme not present in obligate anaerobes?

  Superoxide dismutase
• What enzyme neutralizes hydrogen peroxide?

  Catalase
• What type of bacteria need oxygen to grow?

  Obligate aerobes
• What type of bacteria uses fermentation in absence of oxygen?

  Facultative anaerobes
• What type of bacteria grow in small concentrations of oxygen?

  Microaerophiles
• What types of bacteria can survive in oxygen but won't grow?

  Aerotolerant anaerobes
• What type of bacterial will die from oxygen radicals?

  Obligate anaerobes
• What type of transport is facilitated by concentration gradients?

  Passive transport
• What type of transport requires energy?

  Active transport
• What is the carrier moving two molecules in the same direction?

  Symporter
• What is the carrier moving two molecules in opposite directions?

  Antiporter
• How does the ATP-binding cassette work?

  ATP attaches to transporter

  ATP energy changes shape of binding site

  Transporter releases molecule
• What is the system that transports glucose across the membrane?

  PTS system
• How does the PTS system work?

  High energy PEP transfers phosphate to glucose (group translocation)
• What is the limiting nutrient in the environment?

  Phosphate
• What is the limiting nutrient in cultures?

  Any nutrients
• What is the limiting nutrient in pathogens?

  Iron
• What enzyme removes phosphate groups from proteins?

  Phosphatase
• What enzyme scavenges for iron?

  Siderophores
• What type of growth requires an airtight chamber?

  Anaerobic growth
• For anaerobic growth, what is needed for obligate anaerobes?

  Reducing agent
• An anaerobic jar consists of what type of packets?

  Salt packets
• What does the chemical reaction in anaerobic jars generate?

  Carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas
• What catalyst allows the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen to form water?

  Palladium catalyst
• What bacteria is grown in armadillos?

  Mycobacterium leprae
• What bacterias are grown as parasites in mammalian cell tissue cultures?

  Chlamydiae

  Rickettsiae
• What type of bacteria desire high carbon dioxide levels?

  Capnophiles
• How long can agar plates sustain a bacterial culture in the fridge?

  6 months
• Freeze-drying consists of freezing the bacterial at what degree and with what?

  -80C with 15% glycerol
• What element makes up 50% of the cell's mass?

  Carbon
• What element makes up 15% of the cell's dry weight?

  Nitrogen
• What is the term for using nitrogen from the atmosphere?

  Nitrogen fixation
• What two elements make up 4% of the cell's dry weight?

  Sulfur

  Phosphorus