Digestive Enzymes

• What do enzymes do in the digestive system?

  They catalyze chemical reactions and speed them up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the substrate in enzyme reactions?

  The molecule that the enzyme breaks down
• What does the lock and key theory describe?

  Enzymes are specific to their substrates
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What happens to proteins during digestion?

  They are converted back to amino acids
• What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

  Carbohydrases
• What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol attached to three fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What products are formed when lipids are digested?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipids to increase surface area
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the rate of lipid breakdown
• How does bile contribute to creating alkaline conditions in the small intestine?

  It neutralizes stomach acids
• What is the effect of bile on lipid droplets?

  It converts large droplets into smaller ones