Ynah

• Special Education – the unique needs and abilities of learners are considered by designing specialized instructions.
• Inclusive Education – the educational system caters for all learners with diverse needs, abilities, and characteristics can be considered relatively new.
• Era of Extermination

  •During the Greek and Roman Era, people held such negative views about disability that it was regarded as a punishment from God, something that signifies bad or evil.
• individuals with disabilities were labelled as “defectives”.
• Infanticide – the right of a father to terminate his child’s life if he/she happened to be born with disability.
• During the early Christian Era, the belief was disability was an “impurity.”
• Era of Ridicule

  •During the Middle Age, people lived in rigid caste system that discrimination of individuals who were different from the majority in the society became apparent.
• Persons with disabilities were treated with ridicule in which they were used as servants, or fools.
• Era of Asylum • During the Renaissance Period, the Catholic Church began accepting persons with disabilities as wards of state.
• start of the humane treatment given to them.
• Era of Asylum

  • During the Renaissance Period, the Catholic Church began accepting persons with disabilities as wards of state. .• start of the humane treatment given to them.
• Era of Ridicule

  •During the Middle Age, people lived in rigid caste system that discrimination of individuals who were different from the majority in the society became apparent.

  • Persons with disabilities were treated with ridicule in which they were used as servants, or fools.
• Era of Extermination

  •During the Greek and Roman Era, people held such negative views about disability that it was regarded as a punishment from God, something that signifies bad or evil

  . •individuals with disabilities were labelled as “defectives”.

  Infanticide – the right of a father to terminate his child’s life if he/she happened to be born with disability.

  •During the early Christian Era, the belief was disability was an “impurity.”
• Perspective on Educability in the Early Beginnings of Special Education

  •Whereas being taken cared for can be considered as humane treatment for person with disability, a different perspective stipulates that without education, there is no humanity.
• To reinforce equal treatment among all humans, one should have the right to education regardless of his/her disability.
• This led some individuals to device ways to deliver education to those with disabilities, thus, the start of the development of special and inclusive education.
• Pedro Ponce de Leon (1578)- who provided education to deaf children from nobility.
• Abbe Charles Mich de l’Eppe (1960)- who put up an institution for the deaf.
• Louis Braille (1829)- who invented the Braille Script to allow the blind to read.
• Mid 1700s

  • Joseph Pereire- showed interest in a group of individuals called “deafmutes”, who were generally believed to be unteachable.
• Jean Marc Itard- he was known for his work on intellectual disability. A case he was well-known for is that of Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron, a child reportedly found wandering naked in the woods and raised by animals.
• Mid 1700s

  • Joseph Pereire- showed interest in a group of individuals called “deafmutes”, who were generally believed to be unteachable.

  • Jean Marc Itard- he was known for his work on intellectual disability. A case he was well-known for is that of Victor, the wild boy of Aveyron, a child reportedly found wandering naked in the woods and raised by animals.
• Early 1800s

  • Special education programs in the United States started to develop.
• Samuel Gridley Howe- he was known for his work with blind individuals at the Perkins School for the Blind in Boston.
• Thomas Gallaudet- he put up a school for the deaf in Hartford, Connecticut.
• Edouard Seguin- focused on teaching individuals with intellectual disability.
• Early 1800s • Special education programs in the United States started to develop. • Samuel Gridley Howe- he was known for his work with blind individuals at the Perkins School for the Blind in Boston. • Thomas Gallaudet- he put up a school for the deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. • Edouard Seguin- focused on teaching individuals with intellectual disability.
• Institutions in which Edouard has became involved with:

  • Hospice des Incurables in France

  • Pennsylvania Training School for Idiots in the United States

  • Weak-minded and Weak-bodied Children in New York
• Early 20th Century

  • Maria Montessori – developed techniques and materials that can be used to teach learners with intellectual disability.
• Grace Fernald – developed techniques for providing remedial education in reading.
• Early 20th Century

  • Maria Montessori – developed techniques and materials that can be used to teach learners with intellectual disability.

  • Grace Fernald – developed techniques for providing remedial education in reading.
• 1920s to 1940s

  • Henry Goddard – published a famous study on the Kallikak Famili (Feeble-mindedness: It’s Causes and Consequences (1914), about a man who fathered an illegitimate child whose descendants became retarded; and a legitimate child, whose descendants were of average to above average intelligence.
• During 1920s to 1930s, social and economic hardships took away much of the interest about individuals with handicaps.
• In the 1940s, Alfred Strauss and Heinz Werner became instrumenamtal in special education, specially in the field of learning disabilities.
• 1950s to 1970s

  • The improvement of economics and politics at this time helped create a more positive attitude and available funding for special education.
• Head Start- he promoted early intervention for children who were or at risk of becoming handicapped.
• Samuel Kirk- coined the term “learning disabilities”
• Marianne Frostig, Newell Kephart, and William Cruickshank – they all contributed in the progress of special education.
• 1950s to 1970s

  • The improvement of economics and politics at this time helped create a more positive attitude and available funding for special education.

  • Head Start- he promoted early intervention for children who were or at risk of becoming handicapped.

  • Samuel Kirk- coind the term “learning disabilities”

  • Marianne Frostig, Newell Kephart, and William Cruickshank – they all contributed in the progress of special education.
• 1970s and beyond

  • Special Education started to be recognized as a formal and identifiable profession; parents and advocates also started to acknowledge the rights of individuals with special needs and importance of special education.

  • Legislation regarding special education were created.