Science Week 5 Test

• Ecosystems?

  a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Biotic and abiotic factors combining to form a living community.
• Examples of ecosystems?

  Desert, Coral Reefs, Grassland, Rainforest, wetlands, mountains etc
• Biotic factors?

  all living things (plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms).

  All living things including humans and plants are made of chemical elements including oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
• Abiotic factors?

  all the non-living things in the environment. 

  Sun: Warmth, energy for plants, determines hours of daylight- important for flowering plants and migrating birds

  Air: Provides oxygen, provides carbon dioxide 

  Water: Drink, distributes particles throughout the body, helps digestion, ecosystem for marine animals 

  Soil: Ecosystem for underground animals, nutrients for p
• Population?

  the number of organisms of the same species living in a habitat
• Community?

  all the living things (organisms) that inhabit an ecosystem.
• Habitat?

  the area where the organisms live (e.g. coral habitat)
• Abiotic and Biotic factors changing over time?

  As the abiotic and biotic factors have changed, the chemical reactions are also changing. 

  (Less) Photosynthesis: Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen

  (More) Combustion: Hydrocarbon +Oxygen-> Carbon Dioxide +Water

  = more carbon  (CO2)
• Predation?

  Relationship between two organism, where one organism kills and eats the other.

  E.g. Snake catching a mouse 

  E.g. Shark hunting a seal 
• Competition?

  Relationship between organisms that are trying to use the same limited resource. In extreme cases it can cause extinction. 

  E.g. Lions and cheetahs for antelope

  E.g. Flamingos fighting for a mate
• Parasitic?

  Relationship between two organisms, where one organisms lives on or in the other and feeds off it

  E.g. Tapeworms

  E..g. Fleas
• Symbiotic relationships?

  Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism
• Mutualism?

  Relationship between two organisms live closely together, where each benefits the other 

  E.g. sea anemones and clownfish

  E.g. flowers and bees
• Commensalism?

  Relationship between two organisms, where one benefits and the other is unharmed 

  E.g. Birds nesting in trees

  E.g. Tree frogs live in plants as protection 
• Fossil Fuels?

  Fossil Fuels: a nonrenewable source of energy that is formed within the Earth’s crust from biological remains
• Types of fossil fuels?

  Oil, Natural Gas, Coal
• Carbon?

  All fossil fuels contain carbon 

  Other places carbon is found- Atmosphere, Vegetation, Soil, Rocks, Oceans
• Uses of fossil fuel types?

   

  Oil- Cars

  Natural gas- cooking and heating 

  Coal- generates electricity in factories 
• Effects of fossil fuels (greenhouse effect)?

  Enhanced greenhouse effect

  • Burning fossil fuels lead to carbon being released into the atmosphere, causing the enhanced greenhouse effect
  • Leads to increased temperatures causing an increase in extreme weather events such as heatwaves, drought and cyclones 
  • Resulting in the death of animals and plants
• Greenhouse effect?

  Greenhouse effect-

  CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere trap heat, keeping the Earth warm
• Effect of fossil fuels (coral bleaching)?

  • Burning fossil fuels lead to carbon being released into the atmosphere
  • Carbon in the atmosphere dissolves into the oceans; causing coral bleaching 
  • As coral reefs have the largest amount of living species, coral bleaching causes a loss of food and habitat for many aquatic species.
• Air pollution (effect of fossil fuels)?

  • Burning fossil fuels leads to dust/sediment particles being released into the atmosphere
  • Makes it harder for people to breath and can result in respiratory health conditions
• Effect of fossil fuels (oil pollution)?

  • Extracting oil (mining) can lead to oil spills in the ocean
  • Leads to Water pollution
  • It leads to the death of animals and plants, disrupts ecosystems and results in a loss of biodiversity 
• where is carbon stored on the earth?

  Atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, geosphere.