Organelles Functions

• Organelle Functions:

  • Cell Wall:
  • Protects the cell from physical damage
  • Gives the cell shape
  • Cell Membrane:
  • Controls what substances enter and exit the cell
  • Semi-permeable, allowing some substances to pass through
  • Nucleus:
  • Contains all the chromosomes and controls the activities in the cell
  • Chromosomes made of DNA with codes for cell functions
  • Starts and controls cell division
  • Mitochondrion:
  • Releases energy through cellular respiration using O2 and glucose
  • Equation: GLUCOSE + O2 -> ATP (Energy) + CO2 + H₂O
  • Chloroplast:
  • Produces glucose through photosynthesis using CO2, water, and sunlight
  • Equation: CO2 + H₂O -> GLUCOSE + O2 (In the presence of light)
  • Vacuole:
  • Stores water and mineral salts in plant cells
  • Keeps the plant cell firm by pushing on the cell walls when full of water
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum:
• • Transports substances inside the cell
  • Network of hollow membranes that transports what the cell manufactures
  • Rough E.R. has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis
  • Ribosomes:
  • Manufactures protein
  • Golgi Body:
  • Packages cell products into vesicles
  • Also known as the dictyosome
• Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and contracts rhythmically without conscious control.
• Skeletal muscles attach to bones via tendons and allow movement at joints.
• The three main types of muscle are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.