Unit 3: 1968 - 83

• SASO stands for South African Students' Organisation
• Black Consciousness was inspired by Militant Christianity - MLK
• SASO's first president was Steve Biko
• Black Consciousness aimed to rethink position in society by liberating own minds
• What helped the sharing of ideas among African students?

  • Mainly youth and students
• Which country gained independence from Portugal in 1974?

  • Mozambique
• When was the Black Consciousness Movement launched?

  • 1972
• How was the Black Consciousness Movement different to the PAC?

  • The Black Consciousness Movement was mainly youth and students
• From 1950 to 1975, what was the change in the number of African children in school?

  • 1 million to over 3.5 million
• What sparked the SOWETO protest?

  • Expanded teaching of Afrikaans
• How many died in the SOWETO Revolt?

  • 575
• When did Steve Biko die?

  • September 1977
• Name a failed military incursion by the MK in 1967.

  • Wankie/Sipolio
• What was published in 1969 to suggest the ANC was in crisis?

  • Hani Memorandum
• What was decided at the ANC Morogoro conference?

  • Accept all races into the ANC
• What did Tambo prioritize in exile?

  • Gaining international support
• What year did the UN pass a resolution for cultural and academic boycott?

  • 1970
• What was Edward Heath's strategy for South Africa known as?

  • Constructive engagement
• What was FOSATU?

  • Federation of South African Trade Unions
• Name the one Progressive Party member to keep their seat in 1961.

  • Helen Suzman
• In 1981, what percentage of the vote did the Progressive Federal Party get?

  • 19%
• When did the Transkei gain independence?

  • 1976
• Which homeland refused independence?

  • KwaZulu
• Name the two groupings in the NP.

  • Verligte and Verkrampte
• What event caused Mulder, the deputy leader, to resign?

  • Information Scandal 1978
• Between 1960 and 1991, the percentage of whites fell from... to...

  • 20% to 13%
• What was Botha's main change to the constitution?

  • Tricameral parliament
• Why were the Civil Wars in Mozambique, Angola, and Zimbabwe a threat to South Africa?

  • Could provide bases for the ANC
• Why was the ANC and AAM suspicious of the new trade unions?

  • Not focused on national liberation and ANC had no control over them
• What slogan did the AAM adopt to raise the publicity around South Africa from 1980?

  • Free Nelson Mandela
• The AAM launched STATIS in 1974
• Verligtes


  Wanted to reform apartheid to accommodate the changes in society and in the economy
• Verkramtes


  Typically conservative and wanted to implement grand apartheid faster
• The Information Scandal

  Newspapers published information about how the NP's propaganda fund was being used in corrupt and inappropriate ways
• What was the impact of Economic and Population issues?

  • Pass laws became ineffective
  • Mass unemployment
  • Increased anger
• What was Botha's Tricameral Parliament?

  A Parliament with 3 chambers and a representative from each, one from the Indian Community, White Community and the Coloured Community
• What was the Fattis and Morris strike?

  Workers striking for higher wages and union recognition