review biochem

• Dissociates completely in water

  • Strong acid
• Do not Dissociate completely in water

  • Weak Acid
• Dissociates completely in water

  • Strong Acid
• Do not Dissociate completely in water

  • Weak acid
• most abundant molecule in cell important compound that reduces noncovalent interaction of bromolecules due to its capabilities to form H-bonds

  • Water
• the measure of how acidic or basic a chemical is when it's in an aqueous (water) solution. It also measures of the negative base 10 logarithms of H20 in a solution

  • PH
• role: do not let ph change

  weak acid + conjugate base or weak base + conjugate acid

  • buffer
• + strong acid = Lower the Ph

  + strong base = raise the Ph
• the amount of strong acid or base that a buffer solution can take before significant PH changes occur

  • buffer Capacity
• average pH - 7.4, Larger than 0.10 - illness, uses 3 buffer system carbonates, phosphates, proteins

  • human blood
• most important of the system, defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketone, made up of Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate ion

  • Carbohydrates
• second most important buffering system, made up of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate

  • Phosphates
• almost all can function as buffer, made of amino acids

  • Proteins
•  principal protein inside red blood cells and accounts for one-third of the mass of the cell

  • Hemoglobin
• accumulation of the acidic products of metabolism and can develap during shock, starvation, or severe diarrhea.

  • Metabolic Acidosis
• less common condition, can result from prolonged vomiting

  • metabolic alkalosis
• impared pulmonary function caused by airway blockage, asthma, emphysema 

  • Respiratory Acidosis
•  rare condition, often caused b Hyperventilation bought on by fear or Anxiety 

  • Respiratory Alkalosis
• deprotonate 

  • Hybride ion
• weaker acid + weaker base= stable
• strong acid + strong base = less stable
• The only biomolecule that doesn't have monomen

  • Lipids
• amphiphilic molecules arranged with the hydrophilic group on the surface and the hydrophobic groups buried in the

  center. (solvated surface, hydrophobic core)

  • Micelles
• blood buffer component that is lost during rapid respiration

  • CO2
• a variable that represents the PH at which there is an equal concentration of protonated and unprotonated species

  • pKa
• store genetic information and enable protein production

  • Nucleic acids
• DNA are made up of the monomeric units

  • Nucleotides
• This equation accurately describes the behavior of burper solution by determining the relationship between the Logarithm of ka and LA): (HA] ratio.

  • Henderson-Hasselbach
• (water fearing) insoluble in water

  • Hydrophobic
• (water loving) soluble in water

  • hydrophilic
• weaker than Hydrogen bond

  • Van der Waals interactions
• interaction between 2 Strongly polar

  • Dipole - Dipole interaction
• very weak vander waals interaction. (small fluctuation in disribution of electrons)

  • London dispersion forces
• vital source of energy for both plants and animal, reducing property if it is with free Aldehyde or Ketone

  • Carbohydrates
• Simplest carbohydrates, consist of one saccharide unit, cannot be hydrolyzed

  • Monosaccharides
• most abundant monosaccharide (a sugar units)

  • Glucose
• Consist of monosaccharide units joined by a glycoxidic Linkage ( has 2 sugar units)

  • Disaccharide
• presence of chiral or assymetric carbon, mirror images a carbohydrate

  • Enantiomers
• sugars with free anomeric carbon atom, good reducing agents Sugar 

  • Sugar Aid
• prepared lay the mild reduction

  • Sugar Alcohols