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• Communicable disease is a disease that can be spread from one person to another
• Non-communicable disease is a disease that cannot be spread from one person to another
• "Pathos" means Disease
• "Pathos" means disease
• Pathogen is a microbe that can cause a disease
• Pathology is the study of structural and functional manifestations of the disease
• Pathogenicity is the ability of the pathogen to cause a disease
• Pathogenesis are the mechanisms involved in the development of a disease
• Infection is the colonization of a disease
• Enumerate the reasons why an infection may not lead to a disease:

  1. Landed on a site where it is unable to multiply
  2. Land on a site without a specific receptor
  3. Presence of indigenous microbiota (microbial antagonism)
  4. The host's overall nutritional and well being status
  5. Host's developed immunity from prior infections and vaccination
  6. Line of defenses
• What are the parts of the epidemiologic triad?

  1. Host
  2. Agent
  3. Environment
• Agent pertains to:

  the virulence of the pathogen

  How the pathogen entered the body

  Number of organisms that entered the body
• Host pertains to:

  The persons health and nutritional status
• Environmental factors pertains to:

  Physical factors such as heat, location etc.

  Availability of appropriate reservoir, host

  Sanitary and housing and water supply
• What are the 6 links of infection:

  1. Pathogen
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible host
• What are the 4 phases in the course of an infection disease:

  1. Incubation period
  2. Prodromal period
  3. Period of illness
  4. Convalescent period
• It is a period in which it is the time of arrival of the pathogen and the onset of symptoms - Incubation Period
• It is a period in which the patient heals and/or still has permanent damage- Convalescent period
• It is a period in which the person already feels different symptoms but the symptoms experienced are not of the the disease - Prodromal period
• It is when the person already felt the symptoms related to the disease - Period of illness
• The classification of infectious diseases based on the degree of spread:

  Localized Infection

  Systemic Infection
• Localized infection is an infection located in 1 organ or organ system
• Systemic infection is an infection that involves 2 or more organ systems
• Classification of infectious diseases based on the onset/incubation period:

  1. Acute infection
  2. Chronic infection
  3. Subacute infection
• Acute infection- is known to have rapid onset and recovery
• Examples of acute infection: Measles, mumps and influenza
• Chronic infection- is an infection with slow onset and prolonged duration
• Example of chronic infection: Leprosy
• Subacute- is in between acute and chronic stage
• Example of subacute infection: Bacterial endocarditis
• Symptom

  It is an experience perceived by the patient only
• Symptom

  It is a subjective manifestation meaning only the patient can tell and express the presence and degree of severity of a manifestation
• Symptomatic disease

  Wherein the patient is experiencing and is aware of the symptoms
• Asymptomatic disease

  The patient is unaware of the disease
• Example of a asymptomatic disease are: gonorrhea, syphilis
• Latent infection

  Is an infectious disease that may go from symptomatic to asymptomatic and then back to symptomatic again
• Example of latent infections are: Shingles, HIV
• Primary infection is an infectious disease caused by 1 pathogen only
• Secondary infection superimposes the primary infections but caused by a different pathogen
• Steps in the pathogenesis of infectious disease

  1. Entry
  2. Attachment
  3. Multiplication
  4. Spread
  5. Evasion
  6. Damage