Andreasy

• Research is a comprehensive process involving characteristics, processes, and ethical considerations crucial for ensuring the credibility and validity of any study
• Characteristics of Research:

  • Empirical: based on observations and experiments of theories
  • Systematic: follows orderly and sequential procedures
  • Controlled: keeps all variables constant except those tested/experimented on
  • Employs Hypothesis: involves a search for facts, answers to questions, and solutions through hypotheses
  • Analytical: shows analytical procedures in data gathering
  • Objective: unbiased and logical, based on real-life situations
  • Original Work: requires its own examination and produces necessary data
• Processes Involved in Research:

  1. Define Research Problem

  2. Review of Related Literature

  3. Formulating Hypothesis

  4. Research Design

  5. Data Collection

  6. Analyzing Data

  7. Interpret and Report
• Ethical norms in research:

  • Promote pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility
  • Ensure accountability in researchers' actions
  • Require researchers to be held accountable to the public
  • Need public awareness and evaluation before conducting a study
• Ethical Codes and Policies for Research:

  • Objectivity: maintain objectivity and avoid biases
  • Carefulness: avoid careless errors and negligence
  • Confidentiality: protect confidential communication and sensitive data
  • Openness: share data, results, ideas, and tools for scientific progress
  • Responsible Publication: avoid duplicating publications and disseminate findings responsibly